chapter 1:iii emergence of civilization
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Chapter 1:iii Emergence of Civilization. Civilization. from the Latin word civitas , meaning “city”, created when mankind settled in cities. Most historians equate the rise of civilization with the rise of cities. [Image source:http://www.taisei.co.jp/cg_e/ancient_world/ur/ur_01.html]. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1:iiiEmergence of Civilization
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Civilization
•from the Latin word civitas, meaning “city”, created when mankind settled in cities.
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Most historians equate the rise of civilization with the rise of cities.
[Image source:http://www.taisei.co.jp/cg_e/ancient_world/ur/ur_01.html]
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Cities formed at different times in different parts of the world.
[Image source:http://www.geocities.com:0080/Athens/Parthenon/2104/civilizations.html]
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Because many city dwellers
learned how to write, the development of cities also marks the
beginning of history . . .
[Image source: http://early-cuneiform.humnet.ucla.edu/archaic/index.html]
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Cities allowed people to “specialize” in a trade. Iron
working, religion, government, farming (cattle
or crops), artisans, shipbuilders, soldiers, merchants, etc…
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Oral History
• Before writing, oral history was the only source. Can it be reliable? Can it be verified?
• Archaeology, geography, sociology, language, trade...
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Archaeologists believe the first cities emerged along the banks of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in
Mesopotamia circa 3500 B.C.
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Cities arose from
farming settlements along the Nile River Valley in northwest
Africa.
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The first cities in the Indus River
Valley emerged
circa 2500 B.C.
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The first urban communities in East Asia appeared in the Huang
He Valley circa 1500 B.C.
[Image source: http://www.wsu.edu:8000/wciv/b/ba/bab/bab19.jpg]
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economy• An exchange of goods,
money or services to provide for the needs of individuals or a community.
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Cities would serve as centers for commerce, religion, art, military forces, and politics.
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Early farmers were able to
produce grain surpluses
through the use of irrigation
systems.
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[Image source: http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/HIGH/OIM_A21452_72dpi.html]
Artisans were people who were skilled in a craft.
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[Image source: http://www.webdesigns-4-you.com/ancient/early_civilizations.htm]
Many pieces of artwork had significance in religious ceremonies or to identify the status of the owner.
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[Image source: http://www.unr.edu/sb204/geology/civilztn.html]
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trade• An exchange of goods which
often allowed cultures to exchange knowledge, language, art, customs, technology, religion, and writing.
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Cultural diffusion• The process by which
culture is spread throughout an area through trade, marriage, and settlement.
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cities
[Image source:http://www.taisei.co.jp/cg_e/ancient_world/ur/ur_01.html]
Cities were the centers of trade.
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Social classes
• A hierarchy of positions within a society that were established by the status, job, or connections of the parents.
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[Image source: http://www.machanley.com/Early/06Mesopotamia.html]
WritingThis is “cuneiform” writing.
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Creation Myths
• Every civilization has a creation myth. Of course, the word “myth” depends on your point of view.
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[Image source: http://www.webdesigns-4-you.com/ancient/early_civilizations.htm]
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[Image source: http://www.taisei.co.jp/cg_e/ancient_world/ur/ur_03.html]