Chapter 19 The Revolution in Politics (1775-1815)
The Napoleonic Era, AP European History Chapter 19 The Revolution in Politics ( ) The Napoleonic Era, Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon was born 1769 into animpoverished noble family fromCorsica he left home in and became a lieutenant in theFrench artillery. He rose rapidly in the Frencharmy fighting against Austria andwon impressive victories in and 1797 this helped to createhis reputation. France in 1799 Napoleon appealed tomany like abbe EmanuelSieyes, who looked for astrong military leader toend the countrys upheaval. Sieyes new motto wasConfidence from below,authority from above. Napoleon as First Consul
Napoleon was namedFirst Consul of theRepublic in 1799. Stages a coup detatand takes control ofgovt Essential Early Compromises
He maintained order and worked outimportant compromises. He signed the Concordat of 1801,which guaranteed freedom of worshipfor Catholics. Napoleonic Code of 1804 granted themiddle class equality under the lawand safeguarded their right to ownproperty. He confirmed the gains of thepeasants. He centralized the government,strengthened the bureaucracy, andgranted amnesty to nobles. Order & Stability, but at a cost
Napoleon brought order andstability to France but betrayedthe ideals of the Revolution byviolating the rights of freespeech and press and freeelections. Women had no political rights;they lost many gains they hadmade, and the NapoleonicCode re-established the powerof the male in the family. There were harsh penalties forpolitical offenses. Napoleon Crowned Emperor
Napoleon used the fear of aconspiracy to return theBourbons to power in order toproclaim himself Emperor in He also crowns Josephine asEmpress Painting by David Napoleons Wars & Foreign Policy
Napoleons wars andforeign policy He defeated Austria(1801) and made peacewith Britain (1802),the two remainingmembers of theSecond Coalition. Another war (againstthe Third Coalition Austria, Russia,Sweden, and Britain)resulted in British navaldominance at theBattle of Trafalgar(1805). Napoleons Wars & Foreign Policy
The Third Coalitioncollapsed at Austerlitz(1805), and Napoleonreorganized the Germanstates into theConfederation of theRhine. In 1806, Napoleondefeated the Prussians atJena and Auerstadt. In the Treaty of Tilsit(1807), Prussia lost halfits population, whileRussia acceptedNapoleonsreorganization ofwestern and centralEurope. Russia also joined withFrance in a blockadeagainst British goods. The Grand Empire NapoleonsGrand Empirein Europe meantFrench control ofcontinentalEurope. Introduced theContinentalSystem However, he alsolevied heavytaxes. Beginning of the End The beginningof the end forNapoleoncame with theSpanish revolt(1808) and theBritishblockade. The Invasion of Russia The French invasion of Russia in 1812 was a disaster for Napoleon. Napoleons Defeat Napoleon wasdefeated by theFourth Coalition(Austria, Prussia,Russia, and GreatBritain) andabdicated histhrone in 1814,only to bedefeated again atWaterloo in 1815. Napoleons Excile Napoleon is finallyexciled to the island of St.Helena located off thewest coast of Africa. Napoleons Tomb in Paris Questions for your review
What was the Concordat of 1801?Who was the agreement between and what did itstipulate? What are the significant achievements of Napoleons domestic reforms? What was the Treaty of Amiens and what did it stipulate? Who did Napoleon defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz? What happened at the Battle of Trafalgar? What was the aim of Napoleons family monarchy? With whom does Napoleon negotiate peace terms with on a raft in the middle of ariver? What was the Continental system and how would you characterize its success? Where did the first great revolt against the Grand Empire occur? Explain the significance of Napoleons invasion of Russia.