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Chapter 19Physical Geography of Africa
South of the Sahara
7th Grade Geography
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Africa South of the Sahara
• 2.5 times bigger than the United States
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Madagascar
• Largest island off mainland.
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Plateaus
• Most of the land consists of high plateaus.
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Escarpments
• Steep, jagged cliffs.
• Create waterfalls on many African rivers.
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The Congo Basin • Largest lowland
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Ethiopian Highlands
• Kilimanjaro: Highest Mountain in Africa
• Mt. Kenya• Located in East
Africa
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Drakensberg Range
• Southern Africa
• Barrier of Pointed Spears
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The Great Rift Valley
• Natural wonder of East Africa.
• Formed by shifting tectonic plates.
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Lakes
• Most are found in the Great Rift Valley
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Lake Tanganyika
• Longest freshwater lake in the world.
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Lake Victoria
• Africa’s largest lake.
• 2nd largest freshwater lake in the world.
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Lake Chad• Changes size every
year.• From 10,000-3,800
square miles.
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• Escarpments prevent use for shipping.
Rivers
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Congo River
• More than 30 waterfalls on it.
• Found in Congo Basin
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Zambezi River
• Forms Victoria Falls.
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Resources
• This region has many resources.
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Oil
• Principal export in many coastal countries.
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Natural Gas• Found in Central
Africa
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Coal
• Found in Nigeria and DRC.
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Hydroelectric• Result of the
many fast rivers.
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Iron Ore• Large deposits in
Zimbabwe.
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Uranium• Used to make
nuclear weapons
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South Africa• Half of the world’s
gold and diamonds here.
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• Mainly found in tropics.
• Receives year-round direct sunlight
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Rainforests• Dense stands of
trees found along the Equator.
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Ecotourism• Preserves
rainforests and boosts economies.
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Savanna• Grasslands with
scattered woods.• Elephants, lions,
giraffes found here.
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Steppe• Rainfall is scarce.• Clearing trees leads
to desertification.
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The Kalarahi Desert
• Sandy desert in Southern Africa
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The Namib Desert
• Rocky desert along southwestern coast.
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Southwestern Africa
• Mediterranean Climate