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Chapter 18.1 - 4 Review World War II

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What was the Anschluss? It was the unification of Germany and Austria, in 1938

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World War II What was the Sudetenland? It was the northwest region of the new country of Czechoslovakia, where many Germans lived and which Hitler wanted to reclaim as part of Germany

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World War II What was the Maginot Line, and what was its purpose? It was a 200-mile-long network of underground tunnels and bunkers along the French-German border, built after WWI to help protect France from a German invasion

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World War II What did Britain and France agree to do at the 1938 Munich Conference? They agreed to appease Hitler at the expense of Czechoslovakia by allowing him to take the Sudetenland as long as he promised no further expansion goals

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World War II Why did Stalin sign the 1939 Non-Aggression Pact with Hitler? Stalin needed time to rebuild his military; the economic cooperation was helpful to his industrial goals; he had been promised territory in eastern Poland and the Baltic states as a reward

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World War II Who was Francisco Franco, and what other countries supported him and the Nationalists? Franco was a general who led a fascist revolution in Spain; Hitler and Mussolini supported him in the Spanish Civil War in the 1930s

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World War II Why was the Spanish Civil War considered practice for World War II? Besides being a war over ideological differences, it was a demonstration of the capabilities and power of modern warfare in particular, that of Nazi Germany

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World War II During the Spanish Civil War, what happened at Guernica? Guernica was a small market town with no military value, yet it was completely destroyed by the German air force, killing many civilians

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World War II What was the United States response to events in Europe in the 1930s? The U.S. wanted to avoid war, so we pursued policies of isolationism and neutrality (such as the Neutrality Acts in 1935, 1937 and 1939)

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World War II What was the blitzkrieg? Lightning war an attack strategy consisting of aerial bombing attacks and machine-gun strafing, followed quickly by ground troops and tanks

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World War II What was the miracle at Dunkirk? The Germans had chased the British north to the French port of Dunkirk on the English Channel, and they were trapped. When Hitler called off the tanks, the British troops were able to escape across the Channel with the help of civilian as well as military vessels.

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World War II What was the Blitz? It was the German invasion of Britain, conducted by air attacks over 57 consecutive nights beginning in July, 1940 (and continuing on-and-off for much of the next year); Hitler gave up when he realized the British were not going to surrender

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World War II What was Operation Barbarossa? It was the 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union in violation of the 1939 Non-Aggression Pact

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World War II How did the Lend-Lease Act of 1941 represent a change in United States policy? It permitted the sale or lending of war materials to countries deemed vital to our national interests thus, it was a departure from our previous policy of neutrality

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World War II Why did the Japanese decide to attack the U.S. at Pearl Harbor? They wanted to weaken our navy (and our resolve) so we would not get in the way of their plans to control territory in Southeast Asia

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World War II What happened to the citizens of Leningrad during much of the war? They were under siege surrounded by German forces and without supplies, they suffered terrible hardship and starvation millions died before the city was liberated in 1944

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World War II Why was the Battle of El Alamein so important? It secured the Suez Canal, and severely weakened Rommels position in North Africa ultimately forcing the Axis forces from that region

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World War II Why was the invasion of Sicily a turning point in the war? Churchill wanted to attack the underbelly of Europe by invading Italy (militarily weak). Hitler was tricked by a diversion and the Allies were able to use Sicily as a base to attack mainland Italy and to secure the Mediterranean

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World War II What roles did Allied women fill during the war? They worked in factories and served in womens military auxiliary units; in France, they fought in the Resistance; in the Soviet Union, they fought in combat

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World War II Name two ways in which Allied governments imposed greater control over citizens in wartime. Censorship of the press, and the mail; price controls; strikes prohibited; blackouts; rationing

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World War II How did Hitlers Aryanization policies affect Jews in Nazi-occupied territory? They deprived them of their homes and businesses, forced them to live in housing or neighborhoods for Jews only, and required them to follow specific rules with respect to identification (even on their clothing)

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World War II What was the purpose of the Wannsee Conference? It was a meeting of Nazi and SS leaders in early 1942 to discuss how to implement Hitlers order for a final solution to the Jewish problem

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World War II What was the outcome of the Battle of Stalingrad? The Germans were forced to surrender, being surrounded and without supplies a demoralizing loss for them (but a morale boost for the Soviets)

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World War II Why was the German defeat at Kursk so damaging? They lost many soldiers and armor it was the largest tank battle, and the loss of so many tanks was costly to the German war effort; from this point on the Germans were in retreat on the eastern front

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World War II Why was the Battle of Midway a key turning point in the war in the Pacific? It stopped the Japanese from progressing further eastward in the Pacific (and destroyed their navy, and several of their aircraft carriers!)

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World War II Who were the Big Three on the Allied side? These leaders were U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin of the USSR, and prime minister Winston Churchill of Britain

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World War II What was decided by the Big Three at the Tehran Conference in 1943? They decided finally to open another western front in Europe the invasion of France at Normandy

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World War II Who was Dwight Eisenhower? He was a U.S. five-star general who was the Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Europe, and who organized the invasion of Normandy

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World War II What was a kamikaze? Japanese pilots on suicide missions, who would crash their aircraft into Allied military targets

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World War II What was the last major German offensive of the war and what was the outcome? The Battle of the Bulge was the last successful German offensive, but they were unable to break through Allied lines, and eventually were forced to retreat into their own territory

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World War II When was Victory in Europe declared? V-E Day was May 8, 1945 - after the Germans surrendered on May 7

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World War II Which Allied country was the first to reach Berlin and why? The Soviet Union was first besides the symbolic advantage, Stalin wanted to get his hands on German atomic weapons secrets!

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World War II What were President Trumans two main reasons for authorizing the use of the atomic bomb? He thought it would save lives on both sides and he wanted to send a warning message to Stalin

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World War II When did the war in the Pacific end? The war in the Pacific ended when the Japanese surrendered unconditionally on September 2, 1945 less than a month after the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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World War II You did it!! That wasnt too bad was it??? Email me and let me know you finished and tell me what you found on slide 32. tgeorgopoulos@masconomet.org