Neziah AglubatPD 2

CHAPTER 18

Section 3: Aquiring New Lands

1. Cuba and the United StatesTeller Amendment: the U.S. had no intention of taking over any part of CubaTreaty of Paris guaranteed Cuba the independence that its nationalist leaders had been demanding for yearsAmerican troops remained in Cuba after winning independenceJose Marti feared U.S. domination as it acted as Spain in occupationAmerican soldiers provided for thousands of Cuban families + helped eliminate diseasesCuba’s constitution did not specify their relationship with the U.S.Platt Amendment:

1) Cuba could not make treaties that might limit its independence or permit a foreign power to control any part of its territory

2) The U.S. reserved the right to intervene in Cuba3) Cuba was not to go into debt that its government could not repay4) The U.S. could buy or lease land on the island for naval stations and refueling

stationsThe U.S. threatened not to leave until Cuba ratified the Platt AmendmentProtectorate: a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger powerMost important reason for staying in Cuba = protect American business that had invested in certain thingsAndrew Carnegie opposed annexation for business

2. Filipinos RebelEmilio Aguinaldo: rebel leader outraged by the idea that the U.S. signed the Treaty of Paris; which called for the annexation of Cuba. He vowed to fight for freedom. Rebels rose in revolt, led by Aguinaldo U.S. forced Filipinos to live in designated zones, where poor sanitation, starvation, and disease killed thousandsAmerican soldiers looked upon Filipinos as inferiorsBlack soldiers switched allied with the Filipinos because of U.S. racial prejudice20000 rebels and 4000 U.S. soldiers died$400 millionU.S. set up a government Philippines achieved independence on July 4, 1946

Section 4: America as a World Power

1. Teddy Roosevelt and the WorldAssassination of President McKinley VP Theodore Roosevelt becomes presidentRoosevelt mediated the settlement in a war between Russia and JapanRussia and Japan= imperial powers competing for control of KoreaJapan attacked Russia multiple times loss of men and money Japan asked Roosevelt to mediate peace negotiations Russia and Japan begin peace talks in Portsmouth, New HampshireJapan wanted Sakhalin Island + large sum of money Russia refused Roosevelt persuades Japan to accept half of the island. In exchange, Russia agreed to let Japan take over Russian interests in Manchuria and Korea Roosevelt wins peace prizeHay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901: Britain gave the U.S. exclusive rights to build and control a canal through Central AmericaEngineers encountered many obstacles in both routes for the proposed canalU.S. bought the Panama route from the French for $40 millionPanama Canal: crossed through Panama and would greatly reduce travel time for commercial and military ships by providing a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific OceansPhilippe Bunau-Varilla helped organize a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia Panama declares independence poor U.S.-Latin American relations as a result of American support in the rebellion U.S.-Panamanian Treaty: U.S. pays $10 million + annual $250,000 rentConstruction was difficultWorkers diedCost to U.S. = $380 millionRoosevelt feared that if the Latin American nations defaulted on their loans, Europeans might intervene Roosevelt reminded Europe of the Monroe Doctrine which demanded that European countries stay out of the affairs of the Latin American nationsRoosevelt Corollary: added to the Monroe Doctrine; it said that the U.S. would now use force to protect its economic interests in Latin AmericaAmerican bankers loaned Nicaragua enough money to pay off its debts. In return, the bankers were allowed to collect Nicaragua’s customs duties and gain control of their railroad system and national bank Nicaraguan revolt U.S. marines put it downDollar Diplomacy: the policy of using the U.S. government to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American businessmen

2. Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary DiplomacyPresident Woodrow Wilson gave the Monroe Doctrine a moral toneMissionary Diplomacy: The U.S. had a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin American government if viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests pressured nations in the Western Hemisphere to establish democratic governmentsPresident Diaz of Mexico borrowed money from foreign investors

Americans owned most of Mexico’s mills, factories, etc. common Mexicans= poor Francisco Madero overthrew Diaz Madero unable to satisfy citizensGeneral Huerta took over the government and Madero was murdered within a few daysWilson refused to recognize this government “of butchers”“watchful waiting”: Wilson was looking for an excuse to act against HuertaMexicans arrested U.S. sailors. They later released them and apologizedWilson ordered marines to occupy Veracruz, an important Mexican port many deathsLatin American countries attempted to mediate the conflict Mexico and U.S. refuseHuerta regime ended Wilson recognized the new Carranza government of MexicoFrancisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata: leaders of the rebellion in MexicoWilson still recognized Carranza’s government Pancho attacked 17 American citizensGeneral John J. Pershing: ordered by President Wilson to capture Villa dead or aliveWilson ordered 150,000 more men to station the Mexican border angry MexicansCarranza demanded the withdrawal of U.S. troops Wilson refusedWilson ordered Pershing to return home as a result of the war in EuropeMexico adopted a constitution that gave the government more control and placed strict regulations on foreign investorsAlvaro Obregon came to power in Mexico less oppression; more reformU.S. Foreign Policies:

1. expanded its access to foreign markets in order to ensure the continued growth of the domestic economy

2. built a modern navy to protect its interests abroad3. exercised its international police power to ensure dominance in Latin America