chapter 18 18.1 – composition of matter. objectives define pure substances and mixtures. ...
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Chapter 18Chapter 1818.1 18.1 –– Composition of Matter Composition of Matter
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ObjectivesObjectives
Define pure substances and mixtures.Define pure substances and mixtures. Identify elements and compounds.Identify elements and compounds. Compare and contrast solutions, colloids, Compare and contrast solutions, colloids,
and suspensions.and suspensions.
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Pure SubstancesPure Substances
Type of matter with a fixed compositionType of matter with a fixed composition Can be element or compoundCan be element or compound
Element = pure substance in which all Element = pure substance in which all atoms have the same identityatoms have the same identity 90 elements found on Earth90 elements found on Earth 20+ have been made in labs20+ have been made in labs
Most are unstable and exist for a short period of Most are unstable and exist for a short period of timetime
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Pure substancePure substance
Compounds = when 2 or Compounds = when 2 or more different elements more different elements combine in a fixed combine in a fixed proportionproportion Water, Table Salt (NaCl)Water, Table Salt (NaCl)
Molecules = particle Molecules = particle consisting of 2 or more consisting of 2 or more atoms bound togetheratoms bound together
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MixturesMixtures
Material made up of 2 or more substances Material made up of 2 or more substances that can be easily separated by physical that can be easily separated by physical meansmeans
Heterogeneous mixtures = mixture in Heterogeneous mixtures = mixture in which different materials can be easily which different materials can be easily distinguisheddistinguished Granite, Concrete, Pasta Salad, ClothingGranite, Concrete, Pasta Salad, Clothing
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MixturesMixtures
Homogeneous mixture = 2 or more Homogeneous mixture = 2 or more substances blended evenly throughoutsubstances blended evenly throughout Soft drinks, Pudding, VinegarSoft drinks, Pudding, Vinegar
Solution = particles so small that they Solution = particles so small that they cannot be seen with microscope and will cannot be seen with microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their never settle to the bottom of their containercontainer
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ColloidsColloids
Mixture with particles that are larger than Mixture with particles that are larger than those in solutions but not heavy enough to those in solutions but not heavy enough to settle outsettle out
Greek word for Greek word for ““glueglue”” Examples: Milk, GelatinExamples: Milk, Gelatin
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Detecting ColloidsDetecting Colloids
Pass light beams throughPass light beams through Solutions = no light comes throughSolutions = no light comes through Colloids = light readily passes throughColloids = light readily passes through
Tyndall Effect = scattering of light by Tyndall Effect = scattering of light by colloidal particlescolloidal particles
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SuspensionsSuspensions
Heterogeneous mixture containing liquid in Heterogeneous mixture containing liquid in which particles settlewhich particles settle
Example: Pond WaterExample: Pond Water
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In-Class Assignment/HomeworkIn-Class Assignment/Homework
18.1 Reinforcement & Enrichment WKT18.1 Reinforcement & Enrichment WKT Reinforcement #10-15 use p. 553Reinforcement #10-15 use p. 553 Enrichment – complete like examplesEnrichment – complete like examples
Pond Water = Mixture Pond Water = Mixture heterogeneous heterogeneous suspensionsuspension
Potassium fluoride = substance Potassium fluoride = substance compound compound Carbon = Substance Carbon = Substance element element