Chapter 16:Chapter 16:World War World War

LoomsLooms

Section 2:Section 2:War in EuropeWar in Europe

StandardsStandards11.7 Students analyze America's 11.7 Students analyze America's

participation in World War II.participation in World War II.

.6 .6 Describe major developments in Describe major developments in aviation, weaponry, communication, aviation, weaponry, communication, and medicine and the war's impact on and medicine and the war's impact on the location of American industry and the location of American industry and use of resources.use of resources.

ObjectivesObjectivesFollowing lecture and reading of this Following lecture and reading of this

section, section, students will be able to:students will be able to:

1.1. Explain Germany’s motives for expansion Explain Germany’s motives for expansion and the timid response of France and Britainand the timid response of France and Britain

2.2. Describe Germany’s blitzkrieg tactics Describe Germany’s blitzkrieg tactics against Polandagainst Poland

3.3. Summarize the first battles of World War IISummarize the first battles of World War II

Austria & Czechoslovakia Austria & Czechoslovakia FallFall Hitler planned to take the land of Hitler planned to take the land of

neighboring countries in order to expand neighboring countries in order to expand the Third Reichthe Third Reich AustriaAustria CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

Hitler realized the possible risks:Hitler realized the possible risks: WarWar RevolutionRevolution RebellionRebellion CollapseCollapse

Union with AustriaUnion with Austria Post WW I division of the Austro-Post WW I division of the Austro-

Hungarian Empire created a fairly small Hungarian Empire created a fairly small AustriaAustria The majority of Austrians were GermanThe majority of Austrians were German

They favored unification with GermanyThey favored unification with Germany

March 12, 1938, German troops march March 12, 1938, German troops march into Austria unopposed, union completeinto Austria unopposed, union complete U.S. & the rest of world do nothing to stop U.S. & the rest of world do nothing to stop

GermanyGermany

Bargaining for the Bargaining for the SudetenlandSudetenland

3 million German-speakers in 3 million German-speakers in SudetenlandSudetenland

Sudetenland is in the western border regionsSudetenland is in the western border regions Hitler wanted the region to provide more living Hitler wanted the region to provide more living

space and control natural resources of the areaspace and control natural resources of the area

To justify actions, Hitler claimed Czechs To justify actions, Hitler claimed Czechs abused Sudeten Germansabused Sudeten Germans Hitler began amassing German troops on borderHitler began amassing German troops on border

Bargaining for the Bargaining for the SudetenlandSudetenland

1938, Prime Ministers Daladier (F), Neville 1938, Prime Ministers Daladier (F), Neville Chamberlain (GB) met with HitlerChamberlain (GB) met with Hitler Hitler promised Czechoslovakia would be his last territorial Hitler promised Czechoslovakia would be his last territorial

demanddemand

Munich Agreement signedMunich Agreement signed Sudetenland over to Germany, no shots fired!Sudetenland over to Germany, no shots fired!

Believed it was peaceBelieved it was peace

Winston Churchill disagreed with appeasement Winston Churchill disagreed with appeasement policy; warned war would followpolicy; warned war would follow

AppeasementAppeasement- giving up principles to pacify an aggressor- giving up principles to pacify an aggressor

Churchill was right, Hitler invaded the rest of Churchill was right, Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia later in 1938Czechoslovakia later in 1938

Hitler then looked toward PolandHitler then looked toward Poland

The Soviet Union Declares The Soviet Union Declares NeutralityNeutrality

Hitler claimed the Poles mistreated Germans Hitler claimed the Poles mistreated Germans in Poland and needed his protectionin Poland and needed his protection

Poland buffered USSR from GermanyPoland buffered USSR from Germany

Many thought Hitler was bluffingMany thought Hitler was bluffing Invading Poland would bring two-front warInvading Poland would bring two-front war

A two front-war was the cause for the German collpse in WWIA two front-war was the cause for the German collpse in WWI Too difficult to fight on both sidesToo difficult to fight on both sides

Stalin & Hitler signed a nonaggression pact—Stalin & Hitler signed a nonaggression pact—will not attack each otherwill not attack each other They signed a second, secret pact, agreeing to divide They signed a second, secret pact, agreeing to divide

Poland between them was it was defeated.Poland between them was it was defeated.

Blitzkrieg in PolandBlitzkrieg in Poland Sept. 1939, Hitler easily defeated Polish forces Sept. 1939, Hitler easily defeated Polish forces

with the blitzkrieg, or “blitz”with the blitzkrieg, or “blitz” Lightning war (w/ tanks planes and bombs)Lightning war (w/ tanks planes and bombs)

Poland dividedPoland divided Germany annexed western 2/3 of PolandGermany annexed western 2/3 of Poland U.S.S.R. attacked & annexed eastern 1/3 of PolandU.S.S.R. attacked & annexed eastern 1/3 of Poland

Holding to their alliance, France & Britain Holding to their alliance, France & Britain declared war on Germanydeclared war on Germany

France & Britain agreed to aid Poland if they faced attackFrance & Britain agreed to aid Poland if they faced attack Poland fell as French & British could not attack fast enoughPoland fell as French & British could not attack fast enough

World War II beganWorld War II began

The Phony WarThe Phony War Then all of the sudden Hitler stopped his Then all of the sudden Hitler stopped his

advances.advances. French & British troops sat at the French & British troops sat at the

Maginot Line looking into Germany on Maginot Line looking into Germany on France’s eastern border with Germany.France’s eastern border with Germany.

German troops sat at the Siegfried Line German troops sat at the Siegfried Line looking into France.looking into France.

Stalin Ends the Peace, Followed by Stalin Ends the Peace, Followed by HitlerHitler

Peace was broken when Stalin annexed Peace was broken when Stalin annexed Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania & defeated Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania & defeated FinlandFinland

Hitler invaded Denmark & NorwayHitler invaded Denmark & Norway Claiming to protect them from Stalin’s advancesClaiming to protect them from Stalin’s advances

Hitler really wanted to build military bases there to Hitler really wanted to build military bases there to launch attacks on Britainlaunch attacks on Britain

Hitler then invaded the Netherlands, Hitler then invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, & LuxembourgBelgium, & Luxembourg

The Fall of FranceThe Fall of France German army went north through Ardennes (heavily German army went north through Ardennes (heavily

wooded forest) around the French & British troopswooded forest) around the French & British troops British & French fled north but were trapped at British & French fled north but were trapped at

DunkirkDunkirk Ferried to safety in UK (400K in one week w/800 boats)Ferried to safety in UK (400K in one week w/800 boats)

1940,  Italy invaded France from south; The 1940,  Italy invaded France from south; The Germans approached ParisGermans approached Paris

France fell; Germans occupied northern FranceFrance fell; Germans occupied northern France Nazi puppet government set up in southern France (Vichy)Nazi puppet government set up in southern France (Vichy)

General Charles de Gaulle set up government-in-General Charles de Gaulle set up government-in-exile in Englandexile in England ““France lost the battle, not the war!”France lost the battle, not the war!”

The Battle of BritainThe Battle of Britain Summer 1940, Germany prepared planes to combat Summer 1940, Germany prepared planes to combat

the strong British navythe strong British navy By controlling the skies Hitler wanted to invade and defeat By controlling the skies Hitler wanted to invade and defeat

BritainBritain Battle of Britain—German planes bomb British targets (British Battle of Britain—German planes bomb British targets (British

naval and air force)naval and air force) Britain used radar to track & shoot German planesBritain used radar to track & shoot German planes

Hitler called off invasion of Britain Hitler called off invasion of Britain (****(****11stst stop of Hitler stop of Hitler****)****) The Luftwaffe, German Air Force was losing too many planes.The Luftwaffe, German Air Force was losing too many planes.

Germans & British continued to bomb each other’s Germans & British continued to bomb each other’s cities to destroy :cities to destroy : Civilian moralCivilian moral War productionWar production