chapter 16 & 17 abnormal psychology

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What is a Personality Disorder First and foremost, you have no idea if someone has a PD unless you have an emotional relationship with them or you see the individual in extreme cases where the disorder is glaring at you; the Narcissist explodes in anger when he is rejected when he asks his girlfriend to marry him Character flaws that are permanently ingrained into a person’s personality You don’t have to have a PD to end up with a person with a Personality Disorder When emotionally attached to someone with a PD, it is extremely difficult to break it off Unconsciously, you expect the “other person” to be somewhere in there and don’t realize it was all an act to hook you. They are not aware they have a problem

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Chapter 16 & 17 Abnormal Psychology
Updated 8/14/14 What is a Personality Disorder
First and foremost, you have no idea if someone has a PD unless you have an emotional relationship with them or you see the individual in extreme cases where the disorder is glaring at you; the Narcissist explodes in anger when he is rejected when he asks his girlfriend to marry him Character flaws that are permanently ingrained into a persons personality You dont have to have a PD to end up with a person with a Personality Disorder When emotionally attached to someone with a PD, it is extremely difficult to break it off Unconsciously, you expect the other person to be somewhere in there and dont realize it was all an act to hook you. They are not aware they have a problem What Causes P.D.s Predisposed to the Disorder
Inability to bond with the mother Humans mirror their mothers when the are infants.If mom doesnt or cant bond with the child, that child stops maturing emotionally. Because the infant mirrors mom, whatever bad traits she has will be put on the child.So a Borderline mother has borderline children Think of people with personality disorders (depending on the disorder) as a 3 to 6 year old child in an adults body. The opposite of a Personality Disorder
Being self-actualized Only occurs when a person works at becoming self-actualized Takes years to get there and you have to want to be there Most adults stop maturing when they dont have to grow up Many adults have the maturity of a teenager and will regress to behaving that way when they are under duress Ms. Libbon is an example of someone I would think is Self-actualized Self Actualized Think of the Dalai Lama.
An individual who has actualized the full potential of the self. To become everything that one is capable of becoming They embrace reality and facts rather than denying truth. They can accept their own human nature in the stoic style, with all its shortcomings, they accept others for who they are (they dont have to like them, and they generally lack prejudice. Bottom line they dont stress when its not needed, they focus on problem solving and they accept people the way they are Neurotic Neurotic is (in a sense) the opposite of a personality disorder, but can still cause problems for individuals They / we worry about things they /we have no control over Most everyone who isnt character disordered, is neurotic in some way Example; you are neurotic when everyone around you who knows the situation tells you there is nothing to worry about, yet you still worry and later learn that there really was nothing to worry about. Youre first day of school and you come in late to class and are terrified about everyone staring at you.The reality is no one cares that you were late, and the only people staring at you are those that find you attractive The Neurotic They could be easy going or take be a little hard to deal with. If they are too neurotic, they may have issues which may hinder how effective they can be at their job, how people view them as team members. Someone who is very neurotic can be obsessed about screwing up, so much they actually do screw up (choking is being neurotic). They can be insecure, which happens when they take too much responsibility for their behavior and also feel they are incompetent at managing themselves. This puts them into a bind which is self-generated and can consume them with worry. Excessively neurotic people are distracted by worry, which is bothering them constantly. Personality Disorder Personality disorders cause serious
problems with relationships and work. They are stable traits not single episodes. Many people with personality disorders are high functioning and they can be very successful in life (think Charley Sheen). Most people with these disorders lead unhappy lives and also disrupt those close to them They can literally ruin other peoples lives and you want to STAY AWAY FROM THEM! More Personality Disorder
They dont see that they have serious problems because they lack insight they cant understand that they have obvious problems Very difficult to treat they dont change No matter what happens to them, its always because of outside influences and they never take reasonability of anything negative that happens around or to them. You can tell them point blank that behavior a certain behavior will cause them problems, and they will ignore that information and come right back and complain about how it was someone else's fault. How they might develop As a child, they experience intense horrible feelings (fear, rage, out of control) and their psyches cant handle them and they develop defense mechanisms that become ingrained in their psychological makeup. They have a genetic predisposition that gets triggered, They learn it from those around them They get rewarded for that kind of behavior(think child stars that go crazy) Neurotic versus Personality Disorder
The Neurotic says Its my fault and the Personality Disorder says Its your fault The neurotic takes too much responsibility for problems and try to fix them (co-dependant), While the P.D. will consciously or unconsciously blame others for their situations and with the world would stop screwing with them. Rules dont apply to them Codependent A person who is enmeshed in a dysfunctional relationship and is usually an enabler which detracts from their lives. EX: If I cared for a sick brother who was a drug addict and kept making excuses for him to not change.. A person is called codependent when they put up with a persons bad behavior and / or act in excessive caretakingways that have a negative impact on their life. A wife that puts up with her husbands drinking A parent who is constantly making excuses for their kids behavior. How to tell if you know a P.D.
Many of these people lead normal lives and you wont notice them until you have a relationship with them (get to know them). They will blame outside influences for issues with their behavior, including other people. These people cannot be trusted they will turn on you. This is because they blame outside forces for their problems. Ive dealt with these people while interning they can be very affable if they cant control you until they want something from you or you block them from getting what they want My experience with them
I was surprised that when I diagnosed them, it didnt bother them at all One 25-year old Anti-social said you nailed it, that is me A 26-year old admitted that she had already been diagnosed as a Borderline. A narcissist just said OK, I see that. They dont change but the Borderline can grow out of some aspects of it, and some can experience some relief. The Different Personality Disorders
How to recognize, how they feel, how they might be caused and how they are treated (if possible) A very productive person with many personality disorders.
As I was growing up, this performer was probably the most famous person on the planet! The result of Personality Disorders
High functioning individual who was tormented with personality disorders What might have been displayed
No one knows for sure except for doctors closest to him, but a Google search will give you these maybes based on the behaviors seen in public Avoidant(surgical masks) Borderline (Empty and depressed) Delusional (saw the thing differently that everyone else) Obsessive compulsive (many, many surgeries) Narcissistic (self-loathing behaviors) Character Disordered / Personality Disorder
Assumes too little responsibility with regard to relating to the world around them A personality Disorder is a permanent pattern of a world view and behavior that is a great deal different than the expectations of their culture. They never change or adapt, and usually starts to show itself in the early twenties. Some cant function while others are said to be high functioning and can seemingly live a very productive life Individuals first 6 months of life
EXTREMELY IMPORTANT The child and the world are one there is no difference or boundary separating the two Strong ties between parents and their child provide the baby's first model for close relationships and foster a sense of security and positive self-esteem Parents' responsiveness to an infant's signals can affect the child's social and cognitive development. The mother and child start bonding immediately according to the latest research. A bonding hormone is produced in the hypothalamus during childbirth breast-feeding First 18 months Bonding with mom is critical no bonding means the child will most probably end up with some personality / social disorder ranging from a Sociopath to a Borderline for example Narcissistic defensive mechanisms develop during this time Very important programming time in an individuals life Sets up their whole make-up and personality in life Genetics also plays a huge roll in this development An individual can have a pre-disposition for a certain disorder but the environment has to kick-start it for it to develop At 6 months Now there is no difference (in the childs experience) between the child and the primary care-giver The child will mirror the experiences of the PCG.If that person experiences psychological pain, so will the child This is when the childs psychological make-up becomes programmed for life (supposedly) much like programming a computer for the first time except it is hard to re-program after its already set up. 1st two-years of life Whatever the primary caregivers problems are, they can be passed on to the child at this stage in the programming of their personalities. If PCG is self-actualized the child will be programmed to develop into a self-actualized person. If the PCG is a raging alcoholic, this can also program the child to develop this disorder With Borderline mothers, the chances that they will raise a BPD child increase a great deal. But because there are so many other variables, this doesnt have to happen. People can be raised by dysfunctional PCGs and still grow up to be a self-actualized individuals 1st 5-years of life Your brain learns and changes more than at any other time in your life It physically changes (more folds are created) in a very deliberate way in fact, the folds can dictate whether you have mental difficulties or not. Basically your first five years of life have an enormous impact on your development as a human being Normal Person under stress Personality Disordered under stress What does Psychotic mean?
Breaking from reality; the inability to perceive reality accurately a "loss of contact with reality. People suffering from psychosis are said to be psychotic. They may think things are happening that really are not happening like people are after them or someone wants them dead. If someone says to you they are coming to get me and there is no evidence that this is happening, they are said to be experiencing a psychotic break. Delusional Having a believe about something despite indisputable evidence to the contrary EX: Im going to play professional football next season for the San Diego Chargers I am 50-years old and I have a metal hip major hip surgery I have arthritis and can barely walk in the morning I believe I am going to play in the NFL even though there is indisputable evidence telling me that is impossible For this class, there is a distinction between Psychotic and Delusional Psychotic is a serious mental illness, and many people can be delusional.A parent believes their son will earn a full football scholarship even though he is not very athletic the parent is delusional What is Splitting mean?
Seeing someone as all good or all bad. When you are a little kid and you get mad at someone you think they are a bad person for a little while then you get over it. A Borderline will idolize a person one day and then hate them the next the person is either all good or all bad This happens to people that they have an emotional investment in like a boss, boyfriend / girlfriend, a relative or even a friend. Magical thinking A symptom of some PDs:When a person thinks that they can affect the physical world or alter it in some way. Magical thinking is a common phase in child development. Up until early school age children will often link the outside world with their internal consciousness, e.g. "It is raining because I am sad". Occurs in people with OCD, Clinical Depression, Schizotypal PD, Borderline PD. It is unlike superstitions or culture based Prayer for example; meaning that if you believe in Prayer, you are not thinking magically. Personality Disorders
If you think you have one and it bothers you that is proof that your dont; one of the things about people with PDs is that they cannot detect the PD in themselves.A professional has to tell them they have the PD and eventually they need to believe it. Personality that is maladaptive to change and a variety of ways they are stuck Characteristic ways of thinking, feeling and behaving You are stuck in a 9 feeling all the time we can have extreme emotions 7 or 8 but they come back down personality disordered people are stuck at high levels of emotion they have the same traits normal people do but they are always high on the scale Personality Disorders
Avoidant Personality Disorder (They shy one) Schizoid Personality Disorder (The loner) Histrionic Personality disorder (The center of attention) Narcissistic Personality Disorder (Loves themselves?) Borderline Personality Disorder (Chaotic relationships) Dependant Personality Disorder (They need) Antisocial Personality Disorder (They manipulate) Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (They Obsess) Avoidant Personality Disorder
Shy & Inadequate Avoidant Personality Disorder
Extremely shy people they stand out when you see them because they are so very shy Avoidant personality disordered individuals have a lifelong pattern of feeling very shy, inadequate, and sensitive to rejection Cause problems with work and relationships Only form relationships with people that they believe will not reject them (Pretty girl with loser guy) Avoidant PD Symptoms Cant stop thinking about their own inadequacies,
Very easily hurt when criticized or disapproved of, Hold back too much in intimate relationships They avoid activities or jobs that involve contact with others Very shy in social situations because they are afraid they will do something wrong Exaggerate potential difficulties They see themselves as less than others APD Treatment Antidepressants and psychotherapy as well as group therapy They can improve with treatment Without help, they could end up alone and go into total isolation Develop secondary issues like substance abuse and develop a mood disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder
Extremely withdrawn person Keeps their head down, wont acknowledge others are around My student (1st year teacher) would wait outside the room, never make eye-contact and would go straight to his / her seat and sit down. Behaved as if no one else was around never turned around to get papers being passed up, Would not pass up her / his paper; just leave the exam on the desk Drive to school in the back seat of a small car Earned a B in the class but NEVER participated When playing killer ball would get hit and just shuffle off to the side without showing emotion. Outgoing and friendly Schizoid Personality Disorder (2)
Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities Does not desire or enjoy close relationships, including family Almost always chooses solitary activities Little or no interest in sexual experiences with another person Lacks close relationships other than with immediate relatives Indifferent to praise or criticism Shows emotional coldness, detachment or flattened affect Exhibits little observable change in mood Schizoid Personality Disorder (3)
These people avoid social activities and consistently shy away from interaction with others. They are generally loners with a profound inability to connect with others and form personal relationships. To others, they may appear aloof, dull or humorless, and they're often ignored in social settings. The show a flattened or restricted range of emotions, and can appear indifferent to what's going on around them. However, their inner life can be rife with a deep emotional need, sensitivity and confusion about the world around them. Possible Causes of Schizoid PD
Biologic theorists believe that chromosomal or nervous system disorders are causes. Social theorists believe learned behavior responses cause the disorders. Psychodynamic theorists use deficiencies in ego development to explain causes. Histrionic Personality Disorder The histrionic exaggerates their emotions exponentially Histrionic PD They greatly exaggerate their emotions, Drama queens,
They try to be attractive in order to seek attention They will dress very provocatively to attract attention They NEED to be the center of attention in group / social situations Histrionic Personality (2)
Constantly seeking reassurance or approval Overly concerned with physical appearance They believe that relationships are more intimate than they actually are Low tolerance for frustration or delayed gratification Rapidly shifting emotional states that seem fake, They change opinions based on what others think Possible Causes of HPD Genetics and the environment they grew up in seem to shape this kind of disorder It seems more in women and come men with feminine personality traits Some people are rewarded with this type of behavior thinking actors or reality TV. It seems to be passed down to their children Treatment Psychotherapy and some meds are used such as anti depressants We are just looking at their behaviors maybe its just an act?
The Narcissist We are just looking at their behaviors maybe its just an act? How do they get that way? Theory #1: The individual never connected to the primary care-giver so the child believes that they are all bad (not even mommy loves me therefore I am loathed by the world) and they blame themselves for not being able to make that connection. The reality is that the PCG was severely emotionally impaired and couldnt bond with the child The child must bond symbiotically with the PCG and then separate in order to have any chance of becoming a normal person Normal Child Development Future Narcissist This is why the Narcissists Hates him or herself:Imagine if God, Mom and every person on earth thought you were garbage and not worth anything.That is how the Narcissists feels deep down inside their unconscious they hate themselves and never develop a self; so they have to make up a self that they believe everyone else will like / love / envy because there is no one really their without their narcissistic supply, they start freaking out with more anxiety than any of us have ever experienced and they have to do something (get someone to have sex with them for example) to feel wanted Theory #2: They are made to feel special by the primary care giver and believe they really are special which wouldnt hurt them, except they are divestated when they are not treated as special (because they are not special, just normal) and they live miserable lives NARCISSTIC SUPPLY A term used to name the person(s) who satisfy the Narcissists insatiable desire for praise or to associate themselves with someone who they deem great in the case of dependent narcissists The Narcissist wants people to think they are very special Teenagers Teens score high on narcissism for several reasons,
Very stressful time in their lives Uncertain about where they fit in life so this is used as a Reaction Formation This is where many of us adults have the most regrets when it comes do the end of our lives because we treated others poorly due to our teenage narcissism. Parents can contribute by protecting them from health criticism If you want to screw a kid up for life, protect him and spoil him during this time and they will probably never recover Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Main presentation is I am better than everyone but this is a reaction formation They project thinking others are envious of them They feel entitled this is also a teenager delusion Actors are more likely to score high on narcissist inventories They are very self-centered you should do this for me! They exploit others for personal gain (they use people) They are always looking for a better romantic partner Depressed, frustrated, angry and they have impulse control issues Narcissists & their mates
Narcissists tend to go through a string of short-term relationships that dont last long and are usually devoid of much intimacy (they dont show themselves). Even when theyre in a relationship, they always seem to be on the lookout for other partners and searching for a better deal. Whether thats because of their heightened sexuality or because they think multiple partners enhance their self-image isnt entirely clear. Borderline women and Narcissistic men do well together (relatively speaking) Research on Narcissism
Normal narcissism peaks at about 15 or 17 and then steadily declines as people get older they learn the reality principle. Narcissists often try to make a good first impression; because of strong social skills that make them appear charming Their empathy if fake and used to take advantage of others When you talk to them, they keep bringing the conversation back to themselves. Possible Causes of Narcissistic PD
An oversensitive temperament at birth (genetics) Early childhood ignored by the primary care-giver Reaction formation; they believe that they are of no value to their care-givers, so they over-compensate by becoming delusional and telling themselves they are special (a defense mechanism) Severe emotional abuse in childhood is also common Or.. Overindulgence and overvaluation by parents (spoiled; my generation seems to do this with their kids) Excessive admiration for perceived exceptional looks or talents by adults: Great athlete OR Gorgeous girl Being praised without balanced criticism because parent feels like they are not giving enough Why is my generation like that?
Studies have shown that because we think we work too much we must not be good parents we over-compensate and give our kids too much attention. Our parents did it better than we did because someone was always home and we cant do that. Since we are not around to counsel and critique, we feel guilty without knowing it and over compensate. We feel deep inside that we got more than we deserved when we were younger so we apologize thorough our children and ruin then making us feel even worse Our guilt forms kids that feel entitled which actually hurts our intentions because we feel inadequate as parents Bottom line since we cant be home and our parents did such remarkable jobs we over-compensate for our inadequacies and then hurts our kids. Who are famous Narcissists
Many dictators, criminals and celebrities had or have narcissistic personalities. Hitler and Stalin Alec Baldwin, Sharon Stone, Elvis Presley, William Shatner, Michael Jackson, OJ Simpson have been labeled as narcissists for their public behaviors, (according to Wiki answers just think of their public personalities without labeling them as narcissists none of them that I know of have been proven to be narcissists. Differ from Anti social
They are a lot a like but a narcissist has much more access to a variety of feelings and they dont usually show conduct disorders as youths They also feel depressed where the anti social feels entitled to things so they take them Lives vicariously through their mate
Dependant Narcissist Kate Middleton IS NOT a DN but Im using her as an example of a behavior that a DN would do for Narcissist Supply. Lives vicariously through their mate Think of someone who marries someone famous in order to become famous Professional Athletes wives can be Dependant Narcissists and when their famous person is no longer famous, they drop them because it lowers their self-value Explaining the example
Princess Kate is from a middle class family whos mother and father met while working for the airlines Princess Kate was a professional photographer and did web page design according to Wikipedia and she met the Prince William at University (the way they say in over the pond) Princess Kate must Curtsy to everyone in the Royal Family except when she is with her husband, and then it depends upon the situation who is involved but there is a written hierarchy as to where Princess Kate is on the list of importancy If she were a Dependent Narcissist
She would be a narcissist who, rather than bragging about themselves all the time and embellishing their accomplishments, marries someone who is very important (in their minds or in the real world) and lives vicariously through the other person. How to tell if you are with a Dependent Narcissist? They constantly brag about their Narcissistic Supplys achievements and wants to always be associated with that person regardless if they are with them or not Dependent Narcissist sometimes called Craving Narcissists
This person is a Narcissist in that they hate themselves or dont have a self, but they marry someone that elevates their Self-Image so they dont feel so horrible about themselves They want their mates way too much and are paranoid they will lose them The will brag about their mates within a minute of first meeting them They are attractive to normal people because they put them on a pedestaland there is nothing you can do wrong until you do Then Splitting comes into play and they try to ruin their mates reputation anyway they can It is a way to elevate their self-value by belittling the person who rejected them Like 5-year olds Spouses find that shortly after marriage, they discover that they are married to someone with the emotional maturity of a 4 7-year old adult They fail to distinguish themselves from external objects (their spouse) They are who they are because of who they are married / related to They will take a lot of demeaning (unlike Narcissists) from their spouse in order to keep their Narcissistic Supply Borderline Personality Disorder
Lindsay Lohan, Brandon Marshall and Megan Fox have all stated publically they have battled Borderline Personality Disorder sometimes it is confused with bi-polar disorder Chaotic Relationships Borderlines will seek therapy
BPDs seek therapy because of their chaotic romantic relationships which become VERY intense very quickly. The will fall in love very quickly, then hate you the next day One day they will believe they love you and the next they will know that the relationship will never work (this is called splitting). They chase the relationship and once the object of their affection returns the love, they reject them. NOTE:While working with one BPD, I could predict within days of her break-up / make-up cycle with a police officer. Chameleons with severe mood swings
They will literally change their looks and their personalities to fit into the love-objects world I dont mean to pick on her I actually liked her in her comedy movies when she was a kid she seemed like a innocent little kid who was exploited because of her talent and looks.She has gone though a lot and I hope she pulls out of it. Borderlines are on of the only personality disorders that change for the better with time and she is still very young.That, coupled with her child stardom contributed to her demise; Im told she is intelligent, she is obviously attractive and she is supposedly a talented actress and model who is having a rough patch in her life right now, but she can pull out of it. Psychological Pain Borderlines They have such continual intense emotions that they cannot deal with them The crave love but then the possibility of abandonment pushes their partner away. They might have had a great weekend and the Non BPD feels like they are perfect for each other and the BPD will start an argument Valentine's day The BPD is so afraid of being abandoned that she sabotages the relationship the day before so her boyfriend cannot disappoint her Then she acts impulsively to mask the pain and makes things worse by making out with some worthless pervert. Borderline Personality Disorder
The person will present with chaotic relationships breaking up and getting back together very intense relationships. Pairs up well with the Narcissist because they will chase him and feed his narcissistic.However, as soon as their boyfriend / girlfriend returns the love, they will run. Probably the best future as far as getting over the disorder Fears abandonment chase run relationships Impulsive self damaging suicidal Very promiscuous (some not all) Splitting is common May also become psychotic at times People with BPD are often bright, witty, funny, life of the party Borderline Personality Disorder
Chameleons they have no sense of self- so they become what their partner wants them to become unconsciously biker girl to choir girl or whatever the partner looks for unconsciously Females with Borderline can give off the vibe that they are very sexual even the choir-girl borderline can give that unconscious impression Erratic relationships stand out in this type of disorder on again, off again relationships where you can time the break-up and the get-back-together on a calendar Mothers are borderlines sexually abused as children Marilyn Monrow Marilyn was said to be Borderline and Bi-Polar
Had affairs with both JFK & RFK which is typical for BPD Killed herself of was killed which makes perfect sense she either did it because of her depression or someone else did it because she could not be controlled or she was impulsive PossibleCauses of BPD Chemical imbalances in the brain and other biological factors may be involved, such as heredity. Childhood trauma, such as abuse and neglect, have also been cited as possible causes. Mom was a borderline and she mirrored her motheras well has have a pre-disposition to the disorder 2000 2001 study Columbia University and NY State
Showed that 1 in 5 young adults suffered from a Personality disorder (20%) Half of young people (19 25) suffered some sort of psychiatric condition The disorders include obsessive, anti-social and paranoid behaviors that are not mere quirks but actually interfere with ordinary functioning. The problems The deviation must manifest itself pervasively as behavior that is inflexible, maladaptive, or otherwise dysfunctional across a broad range of personal and social situations (i.e., not being limited to one specific "triggering" stimulus or situation). Cluster A (odd or eccentric disorders)
Paranoid Personality Disorder characterized by irrational suspicions and mistrust of others. Schizoid Personality Disorder lack of interest in social relationships, seeing no point in sharing time with others Schizotypal Personality Disorder characterized by odd behavior or thinking. Cluster B (dramatic, emotional or erratic disorders)
Anti social Personality Disorder:a pervasive disregard for the law and the rights of others. Borderline Personality Disorder: Extreme"black and white" thinking, instability in relationships, self-image, identity and behavior often leading to self-harm and impulsivity. Borderline personality disorder is diagnosed in 3 times as many females as males Histrionic Personality DisorderAttention Seeking Behavior: inappropriately seductive behavior and shallow or exaggerated emotions. Narcissistic Personality Disorder :a pervasive pattern of grandiosity and the need for admiration and a lack of empathy. Cluster C (anxious or fearful Disorders
Avoidant Personality Disorder social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation and avoidance of social interaction. Dependant Personality Disorder pervasive psychological dependence on other people. Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder (not the same as obsessive-compulsive disorder: characterized by rigid conformity to rules, moral codes and excessive orderliness. OCPD obsessive compulsive personality disorder.
About 8 percent of young adults in both groups had this illness, which can include an extreme preoccupation with details, rules, orderliness and perfectionism. 12% in college kids All good students have a touch of "obsessional" personality that helps them work hard to achieve. But that's different from an obsessional disorder that makes people inflexible and controlling and interferes with their lives, he explained. OCD versus OCPD Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder are related but not identical diagnoses. OCD is considered an "Axis I" diagnosis while OCPD is an "Axis II" diagnosis. Axis I disorders are generally ones that come on in early adulthood or later, Axis II disorders (Personality disorders and Developmental Disorders) are generally present from a fairly early age. OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by either Obsessions (intrusive, repetitive thoughts that won't leave the mind and that cause great anxiety) or Compulsions (repetitive behaviors that are designed to reduce anxiety brought on by obsessions). OCPD, on the other hand, is a personality style characterized by a preoccupation with "orderliness, perfectionism and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency" (DSM IV). The two disorders can occur separately, or they can co-occur. People with OCD are not necessarily perfectionists, but they can be. There is evidence that the individual's characteristic and enduring patterns of inner experience and behavior as a whole deviate markedly from the culturally expected and accepted norms.Such deviation must be manifest in two or more of the following areas: 1) cognition (i.e., ways of perceiving and interpreting things, people, and events; forming attitudes and images of self and others); 2)affectivity (range, intensity, and appropriateness of emotional arousal and response); 3)control over impulses and gratification of needs; 4)manner of relating to others and of handling interpersonal situations. Dependent Personality Disorder
They cant make even simple decisions on their own Dependent Personality Disorder
Person presents as very submissive and clingy as well as having an inappropriate need to be taken care of. They have big problems with making everyday decisions like color shirt to wear. They need a lot of reassurance and advice from others They are submissive and allow another person to control most all aspects of their lives They will agree with things they really dont agree with such as capital punishment for example.They are on a committee to prevent capital punishment because they believe in it, but will agree with some who asserts their will on them even thought they really disagree. Dependant on others Dependent Personality Disorder (2)
Think of the dependencya 3-year old has on their mothers.Thats pretty much how someone with DPD acts like they need someone else.They need someone that much; even when it comes to what they are going to wear of what they should do with their lives. If they lose a person that they were dependent on, they will quickly find another. They constantly worry about being abandoned by the person To be diagnosed, the person needs to have dependant fears that are excessive & unrealistic. EG.An older man with cancer moves in with his son to care for him.He is exhibiting dependency that is appropriate given the circumstance. Anti-social Personality Disorder
They dont care about anything but getting what they want Anti-social Personality Disorder
1. Since the age of fifteen there has been a disregard for and violation of the rights of others, those rights considered normal by the local culture, as indicated by at least three of the following: A. Repeated acts that could lead to arrest. B. Conning for pleasure or profit, repeated lying, or the use of aliases. C. Failure to plan ahead or being impulsive. D. Repeated assaults on others. E. Reckless when it comes to their or others safety. F. Poor work behavior or failure to honor financial obligations. G. Rationalizing the pain they inflict on others. 2. At least eighteen years in age. 3. Evidence of a Conduct Disorder, with its onset before the age of fifteen. Jerk versus anti social
Style Disorder Superficial charm & makes friends easy Externally makes decisions Poor judgment, impulsive behavior, dont learn from mistakes and are competitive but poor losers Lie and profit for enjoyment Decisions rigid and inflexible Vindictive Impulsive Blame everything on others Externalize reasons for behavior Others suffer and it doesnt bother them at all Jerk versus anti social
Style Disorder Lacks empathy or responsibility for their actions Feels empty and seeks excitement because they are bored. Assume the worst in others and is easily argumentative and irritated Lack any guilt, shame or embarrassment for harm they cause to others Impulsive and reckless when it comes to dangers of actions, sex, or substance abuse Abusive when frustrated Jerk versus Anti social
Style Disorder Good at reading social situations and is able to persuade others to meet their needs Assume everyone is like them and its a dog eat dog world so they are seldom honest or open Manipulates others to gratify their desires No real loyalty but can come across that way (Mafia) Get others before they get you People get what they deserve and they are cold Jerk versus Anti-social
Style Disorder Irresponsible with money at times but can support themselves and may even be quite successful Spend money carelessly, fail to honor obligations, cant maintain stable work do to discipline issues If you believed she did do it, antisocial personality disorder might explain it Anti-social Personality Disorder
Conscience Antisocial Personality Disorder
About 20% of the population has these tendencies and only 2 % or really dangerous. Egocentricity, callousness, impulsiveness, conscience defect, exaggerated sexuality, excessive boasting, risk taking, antagonistic, deprecating attitude toward the opposite sex, and lack of bonding with a mate. Although egocentricity and selfishness are the norm. Sociopaths may believe they are contributing to society and could be politicians, CEOs of companies and the like What you see in APD He or she speaks only in very broad generalities. They say... Everybody thinks... Everyone knows... and such expressions are in continual use, particularly when imparting rumor. Such a person deals mainly in bad news, critical or hostile remarks, invalidation and general suppression. Gossip or bearer of evil tidings or rumormonger once described such persons The antisocial personality alters, to worsen, communication when he or she relays a message or news. Good news is stopped and only bad news, often embellished, is passed along. What you see in APD (2) A characteristic, and one of the sad things about an antisocial personality, is that it does not respond to treatment or reform. Surrounding such a personality we find cowed or ill associates or friends who, when not driven actually insane, are yet behaving in a crippled manner in life, failing, not succeeding. Such people make trouble for others. The antisocial personality habitually selects the wrong target. If a tire is flat from driving over nails, he or she curses a companion or a non-causative source of the trouble. If the radio next door is too loud, he or she kicks the cat.If A is the obvious cause, the antisocial personality inevitably blames B or C or D. What you see in APD (3) The antisocial becomes surrounded with incomplete projects. Many antisocial persons will freely confess to the most alarming crimes when forced to do so, but will have no faintest sense of responsibility for them. They have no sense of correct causation and particularly cannot feel any sense of remorse or shame therefore. High Functioning Anti-social PD
Sarah Thompson, M.D. has stated in writing that she believes President Clinton as shewrote [My opinion? Mr. Clinton clearly meets the criteria as described in Sections A and B], Anti-social Personality Disorder. I have no idea if the former President has anti-social personality disorder or not ; the point is that someone with Anti-social Personality Disorder could be high functioning enough to be the CEO or President.Just because someone is successful does not mean that they are NOT mentally ill. More anti-social (2) No conscience so they have no trouble hurting others Childhood marked by torturing and killing of small animals Love to play with fire pyromaniac Getting into trouble as kids (they wouldnt last very long at BMHS unless they really wanted to stay for some self-serving purpose) Anti-social characters
Sharon Stones character in Basic Instinct Tony Soprano in the Sopranos Psychopaths Common personality characteristics of psychopaths are: glib and charm, grandiose sense of self-worth, pathological lying, conning and manipulation, lack of remorse, promiscuous behavior, and criminal versatility great salesmen probably most could pass a polygraph test because they believe their own lies The Psychopath (Hannibal Lector)
The psychopath is hot-headed, manipulative, irresponsible, self-centered, shallow, lacking in empathy or anxiety, and likely to commit more types of crimes than other offenders. They are also more violent, more likely to recidivate, and less likely to respond to treatment.They like to torture and kill. The Sociopath James Bond
They will have a moral code specific to that context: they might not lie, exploit, or manipulate within the group. Thus, they exhibit psychopathic behaviors in certain contexts but not all. They are able to kill and not get nervous at all.They can be tortured and hold up well. This would be very much like James Bond. For an agent to be able to do what James Bond or even Jason Bourne in the Bourne Ultimatum, you would have to be a Sociopath. Casey Anthony Sociopath or Psychopath The Difference Psychopath: They are conning, manipulative narcissistic liar and user as a psychopath, as long as he or she is completely lacking in remorse or empathy. The sociopath, however, is capable of guilt, caring, building relationships, etc., but only within a certain context. He or she will have loyalties to a specific group but not to society at large. Anti-social Personality
This disorder can also allow people to function extremely well in their lives / careers. James Bond would fit the bill of anti-social Personality disorder because he can kill a person and it doesnt bother him he shows no fear (typical of ASPD)which allows him to take chances without getting nervous. Assassins, soldiers, people who torcher others for the CIA for example would benefit from being anti-social PD. Matt Damon had this to say about Bond: "He's repulsive. Bond is an imperialist, misogynist, sociopath who goes around bedding women and swilling martinis and killing people.Is he correct????? Compulsive PD Restrained, conscientious, respectful
Very rigid, conventional, respectful Very angry underneath grew up with very disciplined environment Really fears disapproval Very moral perfectionist if you move something they freak out Might be great workers -- Tell Justin / john story sight switch From the movie Dragnet Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder
Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental & personal control at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency. Attempt to maintain a sense of control through attention to rules, trivial details, procedures, lists, schedules or form to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost. Time is poorly used, they pay attention to such detail that they never get a project done. Conscientious, inflexible about matters of morality, ethics or values and have a very strict standard of performance. Howard Hughes Study on Diagnosing PDs in movies
The study consisted of psychology students watching various movies and trying to diagnose personality disorders with limited understanding (Like us) PatrickBateman in American Psycho played byChristian Bale Aileen Wuornos in Monster, played by Charlize Therone Suzanne Stone in To Die for, played by Nicole Kidman American Psycho name: Patrick Bateman diagnosis: Schizophrenia,
Bipolar disorder Type I, Homicidal ideation (possible suicidal ideation), anxiety (OCD and generalized anxiety disorder with intermittent panic attacks and an occasionally present eating disorder), a questionable but present diagnosis of sociopathy, substance abuse, sex addiction. Film Monster played by Charlize Therone
In the film "Monster", Aileen is a prostitute who falls in love with a young lesbian woman. Shortly after a man rapes her and tries to kill her, but she succeeds in killing him instead, and after that starts to kill men whom she contacts as a prostitute. Please note that the Aileen Wuornos described in this paragraph is the Aileen of the film as seen by the raters in this study not the real character. Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder Film: To Die For Nicole Kidman
Suzanne Stone in the film "To Die For" is a young woman who wants to be on television at any cost. She marries a young man, but soon begins to have affairs with TV producers to accomplish her main goal: to become a news-reporter at a major TV station. When her husband tries to persuade her to settle down and have children, she decides to have him killed instead, taking advantage of three troubled youths, whom she has met while trying to make a TV production.SS was seen as a prototypical narcissistic person by the raters: on average, she satisfied 8 of 9 criteria for narcissistic personality disorder, some histrionic personality disorder criteria, and relatively few others. Would be diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder AKA Multiple Personality Disorder
A severe condition in which two or more distinct identities, or personality states, are present inand alternately take control ofan individual. These people usually suffered severe physical, psychological, or sexual abuse during childhood.They have learned to dissociate themselves from such stressful events by selectively forgetting them, which reduces the anxiety they feel. The name was changed in 1994 to reflect a better understanding of the conditionnamely, that it is characterized by a fragmentation, or splintering, of identity rather than by a proliferation, or growth, of separate identities. All About Eve Eve White Quiet, sad, shy
Eve Black Happy, flirty, bit of an airhead Jane older, more mature. Can talk to all of them but needs to go through Eve White How it happens These children have often been kept in such extraordinary terrifying and confusing circumstances that I am more amazed that they survive psychologically at all than I am that they manage to preserve themselves by a desperate redrawing of their boundaries. What they do, when confronted with overwhelming conflict and pain, is this: They "leave." They create a boundary so that the horror doesn't happen to them; it either happens to no one, or to some other self, better able to sustain its organization under such an onslaught--at least that's what they say they did, as best they recall. DID / MPD reflects a failure to integrate various aspects of identity, memory and consciousness in a single multidimensional self. Usually, a primary identity carries the individual's given name and is passive, dependent, guilty and depressed. When in control, each personality state, or alter, may be experienced as if it has a distinct history, self-image and identity. The alters (other personality) characteristicsincluding name, reported age and gender, vocabulary, general knowledge, and predominant moodcontrast with those of the primary identity. Certain circumstances or stressors can cause a particular alter to emerge. The various identities may deny knowledge of one another, be critical of one another or appear to be in open conflict. Causes of DID Severe physical and sexual abuse, especially during childhood May also have post-traumatic symptoms (nightmares, flashbacks, and startle responses) or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. DID is more common among close biological relatives of persons who also have the disorder than in the general population. Treatment:Attempt to integrate all the personalities into one. Dissociative Identity Disorder
Multiple personality disorder is a severe mental disorder in which a person displays two or more distinct identities. There can be as many as 100 personalities or more, although most patients display about 10 to 15 different personalities. Each takes control over the patient's behavior for a period of time, usually adopting a unique name, voice, movement style, and life history. The Real-life Sybil Sybil Dorsett was a 22-year-old college student who had amnesia*. She also had terrible headaches and sometimes could not see, as if she were blind.Sybil showed other personalities. It was as if there were more than one person inside Sybil's body. One personality, who called herself Vicky, said she was from Paris. Another personality, called Peggy Lou, was a tough woman who showed no fear. As time passed, Sybil displayed more personalities: a writer, a flirt, a pianist, a mother, and even an infant and two men. Real-life Sybil (2) each personality acted and sounded different from the Sybil Dorsett she first had met. Each personality even described his or her physical features in different ways. One said that she had blue eyes, while another said that he had brown. Almost everything, from details about hair color to gestures, changed as Sybil switched from one personality to another. In all, Sybil displayed 16 different identities. Sybil (3) There can be as many as 100 personalities or more, although most patients display about 10 to 15 different personalities. Each takes control over the patient's behavior for a period of time, usually adopting a unique name, voice, movement style, and life history. Possible Causes of D.I.D. The exact cause of multiple personality disorder is unknown, but often patients with the disorder have experienced child abuse. This was the case for Sybil, whose mother caused exceptional trauma* for her when she was young. Doctors see multiple personality disorder as an attempt to cope with particularly traumatic events in a person's life. For example, a child might deal with extreme physical or sexual abuse by hiding memories of the abuse and displaying other personalities. What they experience at 1st
The first symptoms usually involve amnesia. Like Sybil, people with the disorder often start to realize that there are abnormally long periods of time that they cannot remember. For example, they might "wake up" in a different place or in different clothes, and recall nothing that explains the changes. This amnesia can lead them to suspect that something is very wrong. Conversion Disorder Psychological disorder coverts to a physiological disorder Paralyzed from the waist down DissociativeFugue An Obsession Anxious and cannot stop thinking about something even though it is unpleasant. A compulsion A repetitive Action going back to check to see if you locked the door even though youve checked twice already Washing your hands uncontrollably Bipolar Disorder Also known as Manic depression
Dramatic mood swings; frantic Action & Deep Despair One day youre depressed and cant get out of bed The next day you feel great and full of energy but others thing what you are doing is out of control or even dangerous Manic is elation, confusion, racing thoughts, a lot of energy. Depression is feeling of deep sadness that doesnt Medicines Used to Treat
Lithium, the first mood-stabilizing medication approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of mania, is often very effective in controlling mania and preventing the recurrence of both manic and depressive episodes. Anticonvulsant medications, such as valproate (Depakote) or carbamazepine (Tegretol), also can have mood-stabilizing effects and may be especially useful for difficult-to-treat bipolar episodes. Valproate was FDA-approved in 1995 for treatment of mania. Newer anticonvulsant medications, including lamotrigine (Lamictal), gabapentin (Neurontin), and topiramate (Topamax), are being studied to determine how well they work in stabilizing mood cycles. Agoraphobia Extreme fear of being in a public place Dissociative Reaction
A person loses identity or memory (amnesia) Dissociative Fugue a person travels a distance from their living area and then cant remember who they are or anything about themselves;not even their name in most cases. Schizophrenia Chronic severe and disabling brain disorder (over 1% of the population causes people to have hallucinations, delusions, and other confusing thoughts and behaviors, which distort their view of reality. Loss of contact with reality (psychotic) Paranoid-type schizophrenia can gave hallucinations and or delusions These people often times show deteriorated brain tissue Diagnosed in late teens, early 20s Sometimes hear voices others dont hear, believe that others are broadcasting their thoughts to the world, or become convinced that others are plotting to harm them. These experiences can make them fearful and withdrawn and cause difficulties when they try to have relationships with others. Illusion versus Hallucination versus Delusion
Illusion: A misperception of an external stimulus It looked like the magician sawed the pretty lady in half Hallucination: you hear or see something that is not there I see my dead relative and she is talking to me about my hygiene Abraham Lincoln is at the foot of my bed telling me what a great guy I am and that I should grow a beard Delusion: you think something that isnt true I think I can fly so I just off the bridge and fall like a brick into the ocean I think Im the greatest quarterback who ever played the game The DSM-IV Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Assumes that what most people do is normal The bible of psychology / psychiatry Has about 1000 pages and almost 300 disorders 5 revisions since 1952 (US Army related material)