The New Deal Affects Many Groups

Chapter 15: Sections 3-5

Women Frances Perkins (Sec of Labor) Social Security Women faced discrimination NRA set lower wages for women Fewer women hired in New Deal

programs

African-Americans A. Philip Randolph 100 AA appointed to key gov positions Mary McLeod Bethune (Division of Negro

Affairs of the Nat’l Youth Admin) Black Cabinet Marian Anderson However, FDR did not fully support civil rights.

Poll tax• Anti-lynching law

WHY? Southern Democrats

Mexican-Americans Supported the New Deal however, did

not benefit as much as African-Americans

Became targets of hostility because they took jobs away from Americans

Faced discrimination

Native Americans Rec’d strong gov support Rec’d full citizenship by 1924 John Collier, commissioner of Indian

Affairs Indian Reorganization Act 1934

• Move away from Dawes Assimilation Act• Gained political, economic and cultural

rights previously

American Workers Wagner Act

• Collective bargaining & right to unionize Fair Labor Standards Act

• Minimum wage• Maximum hours• No hazardous work for those under 18

Unions increased from 3 to 10 m American Federation of Labor (AFL) Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO)

Social Effects Fed’l gov assumed responsibility for

the social welfare of its citizens Social Security Act

• Old-age insurance• Unemployment compensation system• Aid to disabled

Environmental Effects Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

• Planted millions of trees• Created hiking trails

Tennessee River Valley Authority Soil Conservation Service National Park System enlarged

The New Coalition Southern whites Some urban groups African Americans Unionized industrial workers

1936 Election

Section 4: Culture in the 1930s

Motion Pictures Radio Federal Art Project American Gothic – Grant Wood Woody Guthrie Richard Wright John Steinbeck – Grapes of Wrath Dorothea Lange – Migrant Mother

Impact of the New DealConservative criticsLiberal criticsLegacy

Glass-Steagal Act FDIC

Securities & Exchange Act (SEC)Fair Labor Standards Act & Wagner ActSocial SecurityTennessee Valley Authority (TVA)