CHAPTER 15CHAPTER 15LESSON 2LESSON 2

The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System

Function of SkeletonFunction of Skeleton

• SupportSupport

• Protection (vital organs)Protection (vital organs)

• Movement of BodyMovement of Body– AXIAL SKELETON – 80 Bones of the skull, AXIAL SKELETON – 80 Bones of the skull,

spine, ribs, and sternumspine, ribs, and sternum– APPENDICULAR SKELETON – 126 Bones APPENDICULAR SKELETON – 126 Bones

of the shoulder, arms, hands, hips, legs, of the shoulder, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet.and feet.

TYPES OF BONESTYPES OF BONES

• Long (femur, radius)Long (femur, radius)

• Short (phalanges)Short (phalanges)

• Flat (ribs, skull)Flat (ribs, skull)

• Irregular (odd shapes, vertebrae, Irregular (odd shapes, vertebrae, tarsals and carpals etc.)tarsals and carpals etc.)

CARTILAGECARTILAGE

• Strong, flexible tissueStrong, flexible tissue

• Line surfaces of joints and allow for Line surfaces of joints and allow for smooth movementsmooth movement

JOINTSJOINTS

• BALL AND SOCKET – widest range of BALL AND SOCKET – widest range of movement.movement.

• PIVOT – rotation as in head rotatingPIVOT – rotation as in head rotating

• ELLIPSOIDAL – oval shaped fits into a ELLIPSOIDAL – oval shaped fits into a curved space as in the wrist.curved space as in the wrist.

• HINGE – allows for bending and HINGE – allows for bending and straighteningstraightening

PROBLEMS WITH SKELETAL PROBLEMS WITH SKELETAL SYSTEM SYSTEM

• HAIRLINE FRACTURE – crack in the HAIRLINE FRACTURE – crack in the bone; parts do not separate.bone; parts do not separate.

• TRANSVERSE FRACTURE – TRANSVERSE FRACTURE – completely across the bone.completely across the bone.

• COMMINUTED FRACTURE – shattered COMMINUTED FRACTURE – shattered into more than two pieces.into more than two pieces.

• COMPOUND FRACTURE – when bone COMPOUND FRACTURE – when bone protrudes thru skinprotrudes thru skin

PROBLEMS CONTINUEDPROBLEMS CONTINUED

• OSTEOPOROSIS – loss of bone mass; OSTEOPOROSIS – loss of bone mass; a natural part of the aging; bones a natural part of the aging; bones become brittlebecome brittle

• SCOLIOSIS – side to side curvature of SCOLIOSIS – side to side curvature of the spine.the spine.

• ARTHRITIS- inflamation of the joint; ARTHRITIS- inflamation of the joint; two kinds osteoarithritis and two kinds osteoarithritis and ruematoid.ruematoid.

JOINT INJURIESJOINT INJURIES• DISLOCATION – bone slips from its normal DISLOCATION – bone slips from its normal

position. Obvious deformity.position. Obvious deformity.

• SEPARATION – bone is out of place, but no SEPARATION – bone is out of place, but no ligaments/cartilage are damagedligaments/cartilage are damaged

• TORN CARTILAGE – sharp blow or a severe TORN CARTILAGE – sharp blow or a severe twisting of a joint. Can be repaired by twisting of a joint. Can be repaired by arthroscopic surgery.arthroscopic surgery.

• BUNION – painful swelling of the bursa sac in the BUNION – painful swelling of the bursa sac in the big toe.big toe.

• BURSITIS – bursa sac becomes inflamed.BURSITIS – bursa sac becomes inflamed.