Chapter15GuidedNotes Name:______________________15.1–WaterandItsProperties

1. WhydidtheastronautsonApollo8callEarthabigbluemarble?2. UseFig15.2.Describethetwowaysinwhichwaterhaspolarity.Supportwithdiagrams!

a) b)

3. Whatpropertyofwaterallowsawaterstridertowalkonwater?____________________4. UsingTable15.1,atwhattemperatureiswaterthedensest?_____Theleastdense?______5. Whyisicelessdensethanliquidwater?Drawadiagramtosupportyourwritten

explanation.

15.2–HomogeneousAqueousSystemsRereadpgs44‐47torememberwhatyoualreadyknowaboutmixtures.

7. Whatisanothernameforahomogeneousmixture?_______________________8. CarefullystudyFigure15.7.

a. Whatsideofthewatermoleculeorientsclosesttothecation?b. Whatphysicalfeatureofwatermakesitsuchagoodsolventforioniccompounds?c. Giveanexampleofapossibleioniccompoundrepresentedinthefigure?d. Whatdoesitmeanforasolutetobesolvated?

9. Givetwoexamplesofioniccompoundsthataregenerallyinsolubleinwater.a. b.

10. Explainwhysomeionicsolidsareinsolubleinwater.11. Whyareallioniccompoundselectrolytes?12. Whyaresomeioniccompoundsweakerelectrolytesthanothers?

15.3–HeterogeneousAqueousSystems13. Whatisasuspension?14. Listsixexamplesofcolloids.15. Giveanexampleofhowacolloidcanbedistinguishedfromasolution.16. Whattypeofmixturecanbeseparatedbyfiltration?_______________17. Whichtypesofmixturesdonotseparateduetogravity?_______________,_____________18. Rankthefollowinginorderofincreasingparticlesize:suspension,solution,colloid.

Chapter16GuidedNotes Name:______________________16.1–PropertiesofSolutions

1. Whatphasescansolutionsexistin?_____________,_____________and_____________2. The_____________________ofthesolventandthesolutedeterminewhetherasubstance

willdissolve.Explainthisstatement.3. Whatthreefactorsthatinvolvethecontactofthesolutewiththesolventcanincreasehow

fastasolutedissolves?Explaineach.a) b) c)

4. EvaluateFigure16.2.Explaintheequilibriumitshows.

5. Howissolubilityoftenexpressed?

6. Definethefollowingterms:a. saturatedsolution–

b. unsaturatedsolution–

c. supersaturatedsolution–

d. solubility–

e. miscible–

f. immiscible–

7. Giveanexampleoftwoliquidsthatareimmiscible.8. Giveanexampleofasolidandaliquidthatareinsoluble.9. CarefullystudyFigure16.4.Useittoanswerthefollowing.

a. DoestemperatureALWAYSincreasesolubility?__________b. Whichsubstancehasthehighestsolubilityat50C?_________c. Whichsubstancehasthemostconsistentsolubilityacrosstherangeoftemps?____

10. Describehowtemperatureaffectsthesolubilityofgassolutesinliquidsolvents.(p475)

11. TrueorFalse Increasingtemperatureusuallyincreasessolubilityofsolidsolutesinliquidsolvents.

12. TrueorFalse Increasingtemperatureusuallyincreasessolubilityofgassolutesinliquidsolvents.

13. TrueorFalse Increasingpressureusuallyincreasessolubilityofgassolutesinliquidsolvents.

14. TrueorFalse Moresolutecaneasilybeaddedtoasupersaturatedsolution.15. TrueorFalse Stirring,temperaturechangeandparticlesizeallaffectsolutionformation.16. TrueorFalse Asolutioniscomprisedasolutethathasdissolvedintoasolvent.

16.2–ConcentrationsofSolutions1. Defineconcentration.2. Contrastthetermsdiluteandconcentrated.3. WritetheequationforcalculatingMolarity(M).4. Readsampleproblem16.2,thendothepracticeproblemsbelow!Showwork!

8) 9)5. Readsampleproblem16.3,thendothepracticeproblemsbelow!Showwork!

10) 11)

6. EvaluateFigure16.9.Drawadiagramshowingamoreconcentratedsolutionandadilutesolution.

moreconcentrated lessconcentrated

7. Whathappenstothemolesofsolutewhenmakingadilution?8. Copytheequationforcalculatingdilutions(highlightedinyellowonpage483).9. Readsampleproblem16.4,thendothepracticeproblemsbelow!Showwork!

12) 13)10. Whatistheequationforfindingconcentrationusingpercentbyvolume?11. Readsampleproblem16.5,thendothepracticeproblemsbelow!Showwork!

14) 15)

12. Whatistheequationforfindingconcentrationusingpercentbymass?

13. Doproblem#23inthesectionassessment.

14. Whatarethethreewaysyourbookdescribedinthissectionforexpressingconcentration?15. Yourteacherwilldescribetwootherwaystocalculateconcentrationcalledgrams/literand

partspermillion.=)

16.3–ColligativeProperties16. Whatarecolligativeproperties?17. Listthreeimportantcolligativeproperties.18. EvaluateFigure16.14.Whichofthethreesolutionshasthelargestimpactoncolligative

properties?___________________Explain.19. Considerfreezingpointdepression.Describehowthefreezingpointofasolution

comparestothatofthepuresolvent.

20. Relatefreezingpointdepressiontotheuseofsaltonroadwaysinareaswithfreezingcoldwinters.

21. Considerboilingpointelevation.Describehowtheboilingpointofasolutioncomparestothatofthepuresolvent.

22. TrueorFalse Asolutionwillfreezeatalowertemperaturethanthepuresolvent.

23. TrueorFalse Asolutionisintheliquidphaseforawiderrangeoftemperatures

thanthepuresolvent.

24. TrueorFalse A3MNaClsolutionwillhaveagreataffectoncolligativeproperties

thana2MNaClsolution.

25. TrueorFalse A3MNaClsolutionwillhaveagreataffectoncolligativeproperties

thana3MAl2O3solution.

26. TrueorFalse A2MKBrsolutionhasmoresoluteparticlesthana1MKBrsolutionof

thesamevolume.

27. TrueorFalse Thereisonlyonecorrectwaytoexpressconcentration.

28. TrueorFalse 200gramsofpurewaterhasavolumeof200mL.

29. TrueorFalse 75mLisequalto0.075L.

30. TrueorFalse Theequationformolarityis molesofsoluteLofsolvent