Chapter 15

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Physical Activity

Coronary Heart DiseaseAtherosclerosisArteriosclerosis

TermsPrevalence – cases in a populationIncidence – rate of new cases in a

populationMortality – number of deaths in a

populationMorbidity – number of people with diseaseRisk factor – conditions related to disease

formation

Non-Modifiable Risk FactorsAgeHeredityRaceSex

Modifiable Risk FactorsCholesterol-lipid fractions

HDL, LDL, VLDL, Triglycerides (T 15.2; p 456)Cigarette smokingDiabetes MellitusHypertensionObesity

Metabolic syndromePhysical inactivity

Physical Activity and Risk FactorsRisk Factor Impact of Physical Activity

Cholesterol-lipid Increases HDL fractionDecreases total cholesterol (maybe)

Cigarette smoking Indirect

Hypertension Dec. SBP; Dec. SBP

Physical Activity Directly eliminates

Diabetes Mellitus Inc. glucose toleranceInc. insulin sensitivity

Obesity Dec, body fat

Stress Hostility component of Type A behavior?Dec. Type A Behavior ProblemsDec. depression

Fibrinogen levels and fibrinolytic activity (breakdown of fibrin clots)

Dec. fibrinogen levelsInc. fibrinolytic activity