chapter 14 the roaring 20’s & the jazz age section 1: boom times section 2: life in the...

The American NationHOLT

Chapter 14

THE Roaring 20’s & the JAZZ AGE

Section 1: Boom Times

Section 2: Life in the Twenties

Section 3: A Creative Era

Objectives:How did the economic boom affect consumers and

American businesses?How did the assembly line spur the growth of the

automobile industry?How did Henry Ford change working conditions during

the 1920s?How did widespread automobile use affect the daily lives

of many Americans?How did American industries encourage changes in

consumer practices?


Social Tensions

City Country (rural)

FOR AGAINST

Alcohol

Gambling

Promiscuity

Science & technology

Entertainment & Play

Religion

Effects on consumersWage increases for workers increased their

purchasing power.Increased consumer demand led to the

development of new products.Electricity became more available.


Effects on businessBusinesses used scientific management to increase

productivity.Factories became more efficient.


The assembly line

cut production time and costsenabled reductions in priceallowed more consumers to buy cars


Changes made by Henry Ford

developed the assembly lineincreased productivity but work became repetitiveincreased wagesshortened the workday


The automobile’s effect on daily liveslinked rural areas to urban areas; contributed to

growth of suburbsuse of trains and trolley cars reduced; horse-drawn

vehicles replacedgrowth in popularity of auto-touringnew social opportunities for teenagersreduced sense of community


Changing consumer practicesoffering of installment plans introduction of new materials and designsuse of advertisingbeginning of planned obsolescenceestablishment of retail chain stores


The American NationHOLTSECTION 1

Boom Times

new materials and designs

advertising

retail chain storesplanned obsolescence

installment planCHANGINGCONSUMERPRACTICES

Objectives:What impact did prohibition have on crime?What were the characteristics of the new youth

culture?How did celebrities and new forms of popular

entertainment help create a mass culture?What did the religious movements of the 1920s

and the Scopes trial reveal about American society?


Prohibition’s impact on crimeProhibition of alcohol increased crime by creating an illegal market that manifested in speakeasies, bootlegging, and people making their own liquor.


Prohibition1920-193318th amendment -prohibits21st amendment repealsSome Key terms Speakeasies - place where liquor was sold illegally

Bootlegging

A wide variety of home made and in many cases dangerous liquors appeared.


Take a look

Jack Brandy Made in Virginia, made of peaches and caused fingernails to bleed

Monkey Rum Made from molasses

Goat Whiskey Indiana

Rye Sap Whiskey

Midwest

Soda Pop Moon Philadelphia

YackYack Bourbon

Made from iodine and burnt sugar

A fellow named Henry S. rented a saloon where he could sell soda pop and malt over the bar. If a customer asked for beer, Henry would take a shot of moonshine, pour it into the malt, hit the bottle with a rubber mallet and the moonshine and malt would mix to make beer.

This bottle of moonshine was kept on a trap door behind the bar. A string was attached to the door which could be pulled from any place behind the bar. If any federals, or suspicious looking persons came in, Henry could pull the string, the trap door would open, the bottle would fall down onto a pile of rocks in the cellar and the evidence was gone.

Characteristics of the youth cultureThe “new woman” sought social and economic

independence.College enrollment tripled.New fashions were worn.New leisure activities such as dance marathons

and flagpole sitting became popular.


Creation of a mass cultureRadio, books, and magazines allowed people to

share ideas, information, and entertainment.Movies and sports gave common cultural

experiences.Celebrities and heroes allowed people to share

common acquaintances.


American societyAmericans had different opinions about social

change.There was a deep division between traditional

religious values and new values based on scientific thought.

There were different values about what was appropriate in movies and radio.


WomenFlappers - named for women of the 20’s adopting new

styles including the “bob” hair style, smoking cigs and drinking and wearing the shorter skirt

The skirt change was understandable

why?

WomenThe long dress collected too much street dirtWW1 used a lot of fabric for war creating a shortage

flappers

Education

1914 ½ million HS STUDENTS1926 4 MILLIONWhy? There were better jobs to be gained by education

in the industriesTaxes helped pay for schools

In the News Lindberg

33 ½ hours from NY to Paris25 years oldSpirit of St. LouisLeft Long Island and landed at an airfield in

France with 50,000 people waiting for himReason for flying: $25,000 prize since 1919

Famous Photo


The flight

451 gallons of fuelBad weather –made him consider turning back over New

Foundland –sleet and hard rainused a periscope to see where he was goingTook 34 hours

d

Only real danger was at nightKey instrument was earth indicator compass-

based on earth’s magnetic field to airplanes magnetic field

1st time he passed up the airfieldBecame known as Lucky Lindy

The flight


Babe Ruth

1921-1932- 7 world series1923 –built new stadium

– House that Ruth built1948 set up foundation to

help under privileged kids

Sports

Black Sox scandal of 1919 The Babe brought people back to the ball park after this scandal kept them away

Eight players were accused of fixing the world series and throwing the series

A jury found them innocent but Commissioner Landis banned the 8 players anyway

Shoeless Joe Jackson

Red Grange

Helped popularize football in the Midwest at Western Illinois


Knute RockneLegendary Irish football

coach for Notre Dame college in Indiana

4 horsemen of Notre Dame

Jack Dempsey vs Gene TunneyDempsey was the

Manassa Mauler2 great fights both

won by Tunney – eventually led to 1 million dollar purses

A then-record crowd of 120,757, which paid a then-record live gate of $1.8 million, packed Sesquicentennial Stadium on Sep. 23, 1926 and braved a driving rainstorm to watch the biggest and most anticipated sporting event in history.

Bobby Jones

Only golfer to wins golf’s grand slam in the same year

He was an amateur –he was independently wealthy

Man O WarTriple crown champion

Entertainment and Writers

Charlie ChaplinAl Jolson – starred in Jazz Singer – the first movie

with sound was in 1927Writers wrote against materialism

F Scott Fitzgerald

Women -1920’s- Suffrage

Women’s contribution of WW 1 led to the 19th amendment and voting rights in 1920.

Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed the National Woman's party and held parades and marches

The amendment was named the Anthony amendment after Susan B Anthony


Life in the Twenties

movies

sportsradio

books and magazines

celebritiesand heroes

SHAREDCULTURAL

EXPERIENCES

Objectives:How did jazz and blues become popular

nationwide?What impact did the Harlem Renaissance have on

American society?How did writers of the Lost Generation portray

American life?What were some of the major inspirations behind

new movements in the visual arts and architecture?


The popularity of jazz and bluesoriginated in the Southspread nationwide as musicians moved northbegan to be played by white musicians alsopopularized in jazz clubs and by big bands


Impact of the Harlem Renaissancesource of pride for African Americansnew respect for black theatercelebration of ethnic identityexposure of African American struggles


Black RenaissanceFueled by:Population shift from

South to North

a] Henry Ford opens the assembly line to

Black workers in 1914

b] boll weevil destroys cotton fields in 1914

Harlem Renaissance

Center for the nations black intellectuals including cultural, music, literature, dance, drama and painting

Louis ArmstrongTrumpeter that

helped along with King Oliver bring about jazz

Traveled North of the Mason Dixon Line

Along with Duke Ellington(Harlem 1923) helped create the Jazz sound

Josephine Baker

Lived in Paris as a singer and dancer

During World War I The Chicago Defender started an aggressive (and successful) campaign in support of "The Great Migration" movement. This movement

resulted in over 1,500,000 southern blacks migrating to the North between 1915-1925. The Defender spoke of

the difficulties in the South and praised life in the North. Job listings and train schedules were posted to facilitate the relocation. The Defender's support of the movement caused southern readers to migrate to the North in record numbers. At least 110,000 came to

Chicago alone between 1916-1918.

Founder Robert Abbott

Racial Tensions

Chicago Riots1919 – a 17 yr. Old black

swimmer crossed from the Lake Michigan black beach to the white beach while swimming

White bathers threw rocks at him until he drowned

That led to riots which killed

23 blacks, 15whites and injured 520

W.E.B. Dubois Booker T Washington

Militant black leader who wanted to strive for higher education goals and equality immediately . Helped found the NAACP. At this time, blacks had little role in either Political party

Founded the Tuskegee Institute to gain skills for African Americans to gain trades and an economic freedom first before pressing for political gains

Marcus GarveyStarted the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement

Association) from his native Jamaica and he enrolled ½ million Americans

Started the Back to Africa MovementStarted the Black is beautiful theme

James Weldon JohnsonAfrican American – a lawyerIntroduced anti lynching law to Congress because

between 1889-1919 there were 3,224 lynching without a trial

Ida Wells Barnett helped establish an anti lynching league

Life as portrayed by the Lost Generation writersWar was devastating and useless.College life was superficial.Pursuit of wealth and status led to emptiness.Middle-class life was empty and required

conformity.


Inspirations for the visual arts and architectureurban and industrial settingsnobility of workerstyranny of the wealthySullivan’s ideas about form and functionFrank Lloyd Wright’s “prairie style”



A Creative Era

PORTRAYAL OF AMERICAN LIFE BY LOST GENERATION WRITERS

Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald Sinclair Lewis

showed the devastation and uselessness of war

revealed superficiality of college life and the emptiness associated with the pursuit of status and wealth

discussed the emptiness and conformity of middle-class life

chapter 14 the roaring 20’s & the jazz age section 1: boom times section 2: life in the...

Documents

boom times slide

boom times section

boom times new materials

cars section

economic boom

workday section

twenties section

increased consumer demand