Chapter 14Chapter 14Section 6Section 6Challenges to Challenges to

Church PowerChurch Power

ReviewReview

What happened During the HYW to both What happened During the HYW to both the French and English monarchies?the French and English monarchies?

Parliament, particularly the House of Parliament, particularly the House of Commons, gained more power over the Commons, gained more power over the king making them closer in power to the king making them closer in power to the House of _____House of _____

Louis made the French monarchy even Louis made the French monarchy even stronger and the who stronger and the who lostlost some of its some of its power?power?

The Habsburg family could not, however, The Habsburg family could not, however, unite who or the German states within it?unite who or the German states within it?

The Church’s Power The Church’s Power WeakensWeakens

Because of power shifting to strong governments and Because of power shifting to strong governments and people questioning the church’s extreme wealth and people questioning the church’s extreme wealth and practices, the church began to weakenpractices, the church began to weaken

{In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip IV of {In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip IV of France France ordered the clergy in France to pay taxesordered the clergy in France to pay taxes}}

{This angered Pope Boniface VIII and he decreed that {This angered Pope Boniface VIII and he decreed that popes had powers over worldly leaders} popes had powers over worldly leaders}

Philip responded by charging the pope with heresy Philip responded by charging the pope with heresy and of selling jobs in the church. He had his envoys in and of selling jobs in the church. He had his envoys in Rome take the pope prisonerRome take the pope prisoner

Although Boniface was quickly let go, he died shortly Although Boniface was quickly let go, he died shortly after.after.

For the next 100 years the church continued to lose For the next 100 years the church continued to lose powerpower

Pope BonifacePope Boniface

The Babylonian Captivity The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schismand the Great Schism

After Boniface died, Philip had a French bishop After Boniface died, Philip had a French bishop elected pope, Clement V.elected pope, Clement V.

Clement moved the headquarters of the church Clement moved the headquarters of the church to Avignon, France. Until then the center of the to Avignon, France. Until then the center of the church had been Rome for 1,000 yearschurch had been Rome for 1,000 years

{The years that the popes lived in Avignon {The years that the popes lived in Avignon were known as the were known as the Babylonian CaptivityBabylonian Captivity (1309-1377)}(1309-1377)}

During this time many more lost respect for the During this time many more lost respect for the church, claiming the church was being church, claiming the church was being controlled by French kingscontrolled by French kings

Continued….Continued….

In 1377 the French pope Gregory XI returned to In 1377 the French pope Gregory XI returned to RomeRome

After he died the cardinals elected an Italian pope After he died the cardinals elected an Italian pope to please local mobs, but later elected a French to please local mobs, but later elected a French pope, who took up residence in Avignonpope, who took up residence in Avignon

Until 1417 the church had two and sometimes Until 1417 the church had two and sometimes three popes. This period in church history is three popes. This period in church history is called the called the Great Schism.Great Schism.

The church was divided into opposing groupsThe church was divided into opposing groups Finally a church council met in Constance and Finally a church council met in Constance and

ended the Great Schism It removed the Italian ended the Great Schism It removed the Italian and French popes and elected a new Italian popeand French popes and elected a new Italian pope

More Problems for the More Problems for the ChurchChurch The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism not The Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism not

only weakened the authority of the pope but it also only weakened the authority of the pope but it also raised criticism of the church raised criticism of the church

In the late 1300’s In the late 1300’s John Wycliffe, John Wycliffe, a priest and a priest and teacher at Oxford University, attacked the wealth teacher at Oxford University, attacked the wealth of the church and the immorality of some of the of the church and the immorality of some of the clergyclergy

He did not believe in the absolute power of the He did not believe in the absolute power of the pope and wanted to replace the authority of the pope and wanted to replace the authority of the church with that of the Biblechurch with that of the Bible

He insisted that individuals should be able to read He insisted that individuals should be able to read and interpret the Bible themselves, without church and interpret the Bible themselves, without church interventionintervention

Wycliffe promoted the translation of the Bible from Wycliffe promoted the translation of the Bible from Latin to EnglishLatin to English

The church accused him of heresy and he was The church accused him of heresy and he was banned from teaching and forced to retirebanned from teaching and forced to retire

Wyclef JeanWyclef Jean

John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe

Continued….Continued…. Jan Hus, a teacher at a the University of Jan Hus, a teacher at a the University of

Prague, read Wycliffe’s works and spoke out Prague, read Wycliffe’s works and spoke out against the church against the church

Hus was excommunicated and in 1414 the Hus was excommunicated and in 1414 the Council of Constance declared him a heretic Council of Constance declared him a heretic and ordered his deathand ordered his death

He was burned at the stake in 1415He was burned at the stake in 1415 Despite Despite {John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being {John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being

punished for criticizing the church} punished for criticizing the church} they had they had a profound impact on many people. a profound impact on many people.

They set the stage for later reformers who They set the stage for later reformers who would drastically alter the history of the would drastically alter the history of the Christian churchChristian church

Jan Jan HuHuss

ReviewReview In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip In 1294 a conflict arose when King Philip

IV of France ordered the clergy in France IV of France ordered the clergy in France to pay what?to pay what?

Taxation angered Pope Boniface VIII so he Taxation angered Pope Boniface VIII so he decreed that popes had powers over who?decreed that popes had powers over who?

The years that the popes lived in Avignon The years that the popes lived in Avignon were known as?were known as?

John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being punished John Wycliffe and Jan Hus being punished for criticizing who?for criticizing who?

Pope Urban called on Europeans to join in Pope Urban called on Europeans to join in a Crusade against who?a Crusade against who?

At the end of the At the end of the 44thth Crusade Crusade who was in who was in control of Constantinople?control of Constantinople?

Wrong on so many levels