chapter 14: section 3 the intellectual and artistic renaissance
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 14: Chapter 14: Section 3Section 3
The Intellectual The Intellectual and Artistic and Artistic RenaissanceRenaissance
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The Intellectual The Intellectual Renaissance:Renaissance:HumanismHumanism Secular (non-religious) worldviewSecular (non-religious) worldview Emphasis on the individual Emphasis on the individual Freedom of choiceFreedom of choice CapabilityCapability Study of the classics: Greek & Roman Study of the classics: Greek & Roman
literature literature Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy, Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, philosophy,
historyhistory Pure classical Latin (Cicero, Virgil)Pure classical Latin (Cicero, Virgil) Petrarch: the father of Renaissance Petrarch: the father of Renaissance
humanismhumanism
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““New” HumanismNew” Humanism
Florence, early 15Florence, early 15thth century century It is a duty of an intellectual to live an active It is a duty of an intellectual to live an active
lifelife Participate in civic life = work for the stateParticipate in civic life = work for the state Knowledge of humanities should serve the Knowledge of humanities should serve the
statestate Humanists served as secretaries in city-Humanists served as secretaries in city-
states to princes & popesstates to princes & popes Vernacular literature (Dante, Chaucer, de Vernacular literature (Dante, Chaucer, de
Pizan)Pizan)
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Dante, Chaucer, and de Dante, Chaucer, and de PizanPizan
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Humanism’s Effect on Humanism’s Effect on EducationEducation Goal: a complete citizen = a well-rounded Goal: a complete citizen = a well-rounded
human being, who possesses virtue, wisdom & human being, who possesses virtue, wisdom & rhetorical skills rhetorical skills
Education = practical preparation for life Education = practical preparation for life education is essentialeducation is essential
Liberal studies: history, philosophy, rhetoric, Liberal studies: history, philosophy, rhetoric, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, grammar, logic, poetry, mathematics, astronomy, musicastronomy, music
A sound mind in a sound body A sound mind in a sound body P.E. P.E.
javelin, archery, dance, running, wrestling, javelin, archery, dance, running, wrestling, swimming, huntingswimming, hunting
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The Artistic RenaissanceThe Artistic Renaissance
A new world perspectiveA new world perspective Human beings were the focus of Human beings were the focus of
attentionattention The imitation of nature: to see the reality The imitation of nature: to see the reality
of the objects and events they were of the objects and events they were portrayingportraying
Used the laws of perspectiveUsed the laws of perspective Observed nature and the human bodyObserved nature and the human body Tried to achieve ideal beautyTried to achieve ideal beauty
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PaintingPainting
Early 15Early 15thth century, century, Masaccio: Masaccio: frescoesfrescoes
Painting on fresh, Painting on fresh, wet plaster w/ wet plaster w/ water paintswater paints
Laws of Laws of perspective: perspective: illusion of 3D illusion of 3D realisticrealistic
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St. Gerome and St. John the St. Gerome and St. John the Baptist; St. PaulBaptist; St. Paul
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Sandro Botticelli, 65 Sandro Botticelli, 65 (c. 1445-1510)(c. 1445-1510)
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PaintingPainting Later 15Later 15thth century, Florentine painters century, Florentine painters
modified Masaccio’s style: Botticelli, modified Masaccio’s style: Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo (the da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo (the last 3 were from the High Renaissance)last 3 were from the High Renaissance)
Laws of perspective + the organization Laws of perspective + the organization of outdoor space & light through of outdoor space & light through geometrygeometry
The investigation of human movement The investigation of human movement & anatomy& anatomy
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Leonardo da Vinci, 67Leonardo da Vinci, 67(1452-1519)(1452-1519)
Master of realistic Master of realistic painting (autopsies)painting (autopsies)
Advocated stepping Advocated stepping beyond realism into beyond realism into idealismidealism
To capture the To capture the perfection of nature perfection of nature and the human bodyand the human body
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The Mona Lisa; The Last The Mona Lisa; The Last SupperSupper
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Rafaelli Sanzio a.k.a. Rafaelli Sanzio a.k.a. Raphael, 37Raphael, 37(1483-1520)(1483-1520)
Virgin Mary paintingsVirgin Mary paintings
FrescoesFrescoes
Tried to surpass Tried to surpass human standards of human standards of beautybeauty
Harmony, balance Harmony, balance and orderand order
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The Sistine Madonna; The Sistine Madonna; Madonna with the Book; Madonna with the Book; The School of AthensThe School of Athens
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The School of AthensThe School of Athens
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Michelangelo Buonarotti, Michelangelo Buonarotti, 8989(1475-1564)(1475-1564)
Painter, sculptor Painter, sculptor architectarchitect
Great passion & energyGreat passion & energy
The ideal type of human The ideal type of human being w/ perfect being w/ perfect proportions = a proportions = a reflection of divine reflection of divine beautybeauty
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The Last Judgment; Dome The Last Judgment; Dome of St. Petersof St. Peters
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Sculpture and Sculpture and ArchitectureArchitecture In Florence: In Florence: Donatello: statue Donatello: statue
of St. Georgeof St. George Filippo Filippo
Brunelleschi: the Brunelleschi: the church of San church of San LorenzoLorenzo
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Renaissance vs. Gothic Renaissance vs. Gothic Styles:Styles:The Cathedral of Notre The Cathedral of Notre Dame Dame
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Renaissance vs. Gothic Renaissance vs. Gothic Styles:Styles:The Church of San LorenzoThe Church of San Lorenzo
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The Northern Artistic The Northern Artistic Renaissance vs. Italian Renaissance vs. Italian RenaissanceRenaissance In the Low Countries (esp. Flanders) In the Low Countries (esp. Flanders)
vs. Northern Italyvs. Northern Italy Illustrations for books & wooden Illustrations for books & wooden
panels for altarpieces vs. wall panels for altarpieces vs. wall paintings, i.e. frescoespaintings, i.e. frescoes
Small-scale painting vs. large-scale Small-scale painting vs. large-scale paintingpainting
But, BOTH realistic paintingBut, BOTH realistic painting
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Jan van Eyck, 46Jan van Eyck, 46(1391-1441)(1391-1441) Flemish painterFlemish painter On of the first On of the first
painters to use oil painters to use oil paint paint
Wide variety of Wide variety of colors & fine detailscolors & fine details
Imitated nature by Imitated nature by observing it (not by observing it (not by using the laws of using the laws of perspective)perspective)
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Giovanni Arnolfini and His Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride; Margaretha van EyckBride; Margaretha van Eyck
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Albrecht Dürer, 57Albrecht Dürer, 57(1471-1528)(1471-1528)
Nuremberg, Nuremberg, GermanyGermany
Studied in ItalyStudied in Italy Used the laws of Used the laws of
perspectiveperspective Used details Used details
harmoniouslyharmoniously Observed the human Observed the human
body & tried to body & tried to achieve perfect achieve perfect beautybeauty
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Adoration of the MagiAdoration of the Magi
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Hare; Praying HandsHare; Praying Hands
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The EndThe End