Chapter 14Chapter 14Section 3Section 3

A CreativeA Creative

EraEra

The Emergence of JazzThe Emergence of Jazz

The 1920’s is often called the Jazz Age because jazz The 1920’s is often called the Jazz Age because jazz music gained wide popularity during this timemusic gained wide popularity during this time

{{JazzJazz originated among African Americans in the originated among African Americans in the South} South}

Early jazz musicians also experimented with another Early jazz musicians also experimented with another form of African American music called the bluesform of African American music called the blues

The blues grew out of a long history of slave music The blues grew out of a long history of slave music and religious spirituals with heartfelt lyrics and and religious spirituals with heartfelt lyrics and altered or slurred notes that echoed the mood of the altered or slurred notes that echoed the mood of the lyricslyrics

Jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong began to Jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong began to incorporate blues styles into their music incorporate blues styles into their music

The Great Louis ArmstrongThe Great Louis Armstrong

The popularization of JazzThe popularization of Jazz During the Great Migration when African American’s During the Great Migration when African American’s

moved northward, they brought jazz with themmoved northward, they brought jazz with them Musicians of different backgrounds began to use jazz Musicians of different backgrounds began to use jazz

elements in their musicelements in their music Concert pianist Concert pianist {{George GershwinGeorge Gershwin combined classical combined classical

music with American jazz in the composition “Rhapsody music with American jazz in the composition “Rhapsody in Blue”}in Blue”}

The development of big-band music brought jazz to a The development of big-band music brought jazz to a whole new audiencewhole new audience

Jazz clubs emerged, featuring famous musicians such Jazz clubs emerged, featuring famous musicians such as Duke Ellington, Ethel Waters and Cab Callowayas Duke Ellington, Ethel Waters and Cab Calloway

Also many African Americans went to France after WWI, Also many African Americans went to France after WWI, due to their racial tolerance and Jazz singer such as due to their racial tolerance and Jazz singer such as Josephine Baker gave France their own Jazz Age Josephine Baker gave France their own Jazz Age

George GershwinGeorge Gershwin

Duke Ellington, Ethel Waters and Duke Ellington, Ethel Waters and Cab Calloway Cab Calloway

The Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem Renaissance

So many creative black writers, musicians and So many creative black writers, musicians and artists lived in Harlem (a New York City artists lived in Harlem (a New York City neighborhood) that the flourishing of artistic neighborhood) that the flourishing of artistic development in the 1920’s is known as the development in the 1920’s is known as the Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

Theatrical roles available to African Americans Theatrical roles available to African Americans were restricted by prejudice. Nevertheless they were restricted by prejudice. Nevertheless they staged and produced many successful staged and produced many successful Broadway plays and musicalsBroadway plays and musicals

{African American graduate of Columbia {African American graduate of Columbia University Law School, University Law School, Paul RobesonPaul Robeson, went on , went on to become one of the most highly acclaimed to become one of the most highly acclaimed actors of the 1920’s.}actors of the 1920’s.}

Rose McClendon was a leading African Rose McClendon was a leading African American actress American actress

Paul Robeson on the set of Paul Robeson on the set of The Emperor JonesThe Emperor Jones

Continued….Continued…. African American literature was paramount to African American literature was paramount to

the Harlem Renaissancethe Harlem Renaissance Novelists produced work marked by bitterness Novelists produced work marked by bitterness

and defiance but also by joy and hopeand defiance but also by joy and hope Harlem poets, such as Harlem poets, such as Langston HughesLangston Hughes, ,

celebrated their ethnic identity and celebrated their ethnic identity and acknowledged the struggles they facedacknowledged the struggles they faced

One of the most active Harlem Renaissance One of the most active Harlem Renaissance supporters was supporters was James Weldon Johnson.James Weldon Johnson.

As executive secretary of the NAACP, Johnson As executive secretary of the NAACP, Johnson raised money to support African American raised money to support African American artists and art programs in Harlemartists and art programs in Harlem

{He also published {He also published The Book of American Negro The Book of American Negro Poetry}Poetry}

Langston HughesLangston Hughes

The Negro Speaks of Rivers- Langston The Negro Speaks of Rivers- Langston HughesHughes

I've known rivers: I've known rivers: I've known rivers ancient as the world I've known rivers ancient as the world and older than the and older than the flow of human blood in human veins. flow of human blood in human veins.

My soul has grown deep like the rivers. My soul has grown deep like the rivers.

I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns I bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. were young. I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled I built my hut near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep. me to sleep. I looked upon the Nile and raised the I looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it. pyramids above it. I heard the singing of the Mississippi I heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans, and I've seen went down to New Orleans, and I've seen its muddy its muddy bosom turn all golden in the sunset. bosom turn all golden in the sunset.

I've known rivers: I've known rivers: Ancient, dusky rivers. Ancient, dusky rivers.

My soul has grown deep like the rivers. My soul has grown deep like the rivers.

The Lost GenerationThe Lost Generation

At the same time of the Harlem At the same time of the Harlem Renaissance a new generation of writers Renaissance a new generation of writers roserose

{Ernest Hemmingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, {Ernest Hemmingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Sinclair Lewis were all members of and Sinclair Lewis were all members of the the Lost GenerationLost Generation}}

Their work reflected their horror of the Their work reflected their horror of the death and destruction of WWI. They death and destruction of WWI. They scorned middle-class consumerism and scorned middle-class consumerism and the superficiality of the postwar years the superficiality of the postwar years

The Visual ArtsThe Visual Arts

Most artists of the 1920’s depicted the impact of Most artists of the 1920’s depicted the impact of growing cities and the increasing use of machinery on growing cities and the increasing use of machinery on American lifeAmerican life

Photography came to be a widely appreciated as an art Photography came to be a widely appreciated as an art form. Photographer form. Photographer Alfred Stieglitz Alfred Stieglitz helped to helped to popularize photographypopularize photography

Mexican muralists such as Mexican muralists such as Diego RiveraDiego Rivera became became popular during this time as well. He was commissioned popular during this time as well. He was commissioned to paint a mural in Rockefeller Center, which was to paint a mural in Rockefeller Center, which was destroyed because it contained an image of Lenin.destroyed because it contained an image of Lenin.

Creativity also emerged in the United States in Creativity also emerged in the United States in architecture. A new style with rectangular shapes and architecture. A new style with rectangular shapes and clean lines came to be.clean lines came to be.

Sky scrapers, such as the Chrysler Building and the Sky scrapers, such as the Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building, also came about at this time Empire State Building, also came about at this time

Works of Works of Alfred Stieglitz Alfred Stieglitz

Review QuestionsReview Questions

Where did Jazz originate?Where did Jazz originate? This man combined classical music with This man combined classical music with

American jazz in the composition “Rhapsody American jazz in the composition “Rhapsody in Blue”in Blue”

This man went on to become one of the most This man went on to become one of the most highly acclaimed actors of the 1920’shighly acclaimed actors of the 1920’s

He published He published The Book of American Negro The Book of American Negro PoetryPoetry

Ernest Hemmingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Ernest Hemmingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Sinclair Lewis were all members of this groupSinclair Lewis were all members of this group

Diego Rivera’s mural in Diego Rivera’s mural in Rockefeller Center. Can you find Rockefeller Center. Can you find

Lenin??Lenin??