Chapter 14Chapter 14

22ndnd Declension Words Declension Words Ending with -REnding with -R

Learning TargetsLearning Targets

To recognize a new form of 2To recognize a new form of 2ndnd declension nouns (Good news – it’s declension nouns (Good news – it’s only different in the nominative only different in the nominative singular!).singular!).

To gain an understanding of the To gain an understanding of the importance of learning the genitive importance of learning the genitive singular as you learn the words in the singular as you learn the words in the vocabulary.vocabulary.

Nouns and Adjectives ending Nouns and Adjectives ending in -rin -r

There are nouns and adjectives in There are nouns and adjectives in the 2the 2ndnd declension which end in –r. declension which end in –r.These words omit the –us ending in the These words omit the –us ending in the

nominative singular.nominative singular.These words end in –er or –r in the These words end in –er or –r in the

nominative casenominative caseNOTICENOTICE the genitive singular of nouns the genitive singular of nouns

or the feminine singular of adjectives – or the feminine singular of adjectives – they both show whether the –e- is they both show whether the –e- is retained before the –r in the other retained before the –r in the other cases!cases!

ExamplesExamplesSingularSingular PluralPlural

agerager nosternoster agriagri nostrinostri

agriagri nostrinostri agrorumagrorum nostromnostrom

agroagro nostronostro agrisagris nostrisnostris

agrumagrum nostrumnostrum agrosagros nostrosnostros

agroagro nostronostro agrisagris nostrisnostris

vocative:vocative:

agerager nosternoster agriagri nostrinostri

Example with retained –e-Example with retained –e-

liberliber liberiliberiliberiliberi liberorumliberorumliberolibero liberisliberisliberumliberum liberosliberosliberolibero liberisliberis

vocative:vocative:liberliber liberiliberi

HintsHintsCarefully note the nominative, the Carefully note the nominative, the

genitive, and the gender of every noun!genitive, and the gender of every noun!The English derivatives are very helpful in The English derivatives are very helpful in

showing if the –e- is retained. Usually the showing if the –e- is retained. Usually the Latin word retains the –e- if it is in the Latin word retains the –e- if it is in the derivatives! Most follow the pattern of derivatives! Most follow the pattern of ager and don’t retain the –e-. Vir is ager and don’t retain the –e-. Vir is unique!unique!

Adjectives agree with nouns in case, Adjectives agree with nouns in case, number and gender, but not always in number and gender, but not always in ending: puer bonus, nauta liberending: puer bonus, nauta liber