chapter 13 personal health care. chapter 13 describes how to care for skin,hair,and nails.describes...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 13
PERSONAL HEALTH CARE
CHAPTER 13
• DESCRIBES HOW TO CARE FOR SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS.
• IT ALSO DESCRIBES HOW TO TAKE CARE OF THE TEETH, EYES, AND EARS.
• BELLRINGER-WHAT KIND OF PERSONAL CARE DO YOU DO?
LESSON 1
• PROPER CARE OF SKIN, HAIR, AND NAILS IS IMPORTANT FOR KEEPING THE WHOLE BODY HEALTHY
• BELLRINGER-WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF SUNSCREEN?
LESSON 1HEALTHY
SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS• BIG IDEA-CARE FOR THE
SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS IS NECESSARY FOR GOOD HEALTH
• THE SKIN PROTECTS THE BODY PATHOGENS,REGULATES BODY TEMPERATURE, AND FEELS SENSATIONS.
YOUR SKIN
• SKIN PROTECTS YOU FROM PATHOGENS, REGULATES YOUR BODY TEMPERATURE, AND HELPS YOU FEEL SENSATIONS.
• SKIN-IS THE LARGEST ORGAN ON THE BODY.
• SKIN CONSISTS OF 2 MAIN LAYERS• EPIDERMIS-IS THE OUTER,THINNER
LAYER OF THE SKIN.
• DERMIS-IS THE THICKER LAYER OF SKIN BENEATH THE EPIDERMIS THAT IS MADE UP OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES.
• LIPIDS-CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS THAT MAKES IT WATERPROOF.
• MELANIN-A PIGMENT THAT GIVES THE SKIN,HAIR,AND IRIS OF THEIR EYES THEIR COLOR.
• THE MORE MELANIN YOU HAVE IN YOUR SKIN THE DARKER THE SKIN.
THE SKIN PERFORMS 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS:
1. PROTECTION-PROTECTS YOU FROM PATHOGENS AND INTERNAL DAMAGE. SKIN REPAIRS ITSELF TO KEEP PATHOGENS FROM ENTERING THE BODY.
2.TEMPERATURE CONTROL-AS BODY TEMPERATURE BEGINS TO RISE, THE BLOOD VESSELS IN YOUR SKIN DILATE, ALLOWING HEAT TO ESCAPE THROUGH THE SKIN’S SURFACE. SWEAT GLANDS –COOL THE SKIN.
• 3.SENSATION-SKIN IS A MAJOR SENSE ORGAN.
• STUDY THE SKIN DIAGRAM PAGE 357.
• SEBACEOUS GLANDS-STRUCTURES WITHIN THE SKIN THAT PRODUCE AN OILY SECRETION CALLED SEBUM.
KEEP YOUR SKIN HEALTHY
• 1.WASH WITH MILD SOAP AND WATER
• 2.AVOID TOUCHING YOUR FACE WITH HANDS, BECAUSE YOU HANDS HAVE BACTERIA.
• CHOOSE PERSONAL SKIN CARE PRODUCTS
• WELL BALANCED EATING PLAN
• UV PROTECTION-SUNTAN IS DAMAGED SKIN FROM UV RADIATION
• CAN LEAD TO SKIN CANCER• WEAR SUNSCREEN• WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING• WEAR SUNGLASSES• AVOID TANNING BEDS
• BODY PIERCING AND TATTOOING• PERAMENT• POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS-BREAKS
THE PHYSICAL BARRIER OF THE SKIN
• INFECTIONS LIMIT JOB OPPORTUNITIES RELATIONSHIPS
• HEPATITIS• HIV
• SKIN PROBLEMS• AFFECT SELF IMAGE• COMMON SKIN PROBLEMS1. ACNE-WHEN PORES IN THE SKIN
ARE CLOGGED,BACTERIA CAUSES INFLAMMATION, AND PUS FORMS.
TOUCHING AND PICKING MAY CAUSE SCARRING.
• 2.WARTS-ARE CAUSED BY A VIRUS.• 3.DERMATITIS OR ECZEMA-
INFLAMED OR SCALY PATCH OF SKIN.
• 4.FUNGAL INFECTIONS-RINGWORM AND ATHLETE’S FOOT ARE INFECTIONS THAT SPREAD BY CONTACT WITH SKIN.
• 5.BOILS- THESE FORM WHEN HAIR FOLLICLES –SACS OR CAVITIES THAT SURROUND THE ROOTS OF HAIRS-BECOME INFECTED.
• 6.VITILIGO-CONDITION THAT PATCHES OF SKIN LOSE MELANIN AND HAVE NO PIGMENT.
• 7.MOLES-CERTAIN TYPES MAY CAUSE MELANOMA
• MOST SERIOUS FORM OF SKIN CANCER.
• LOOK AT THE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 360.
• SEVERE ACNE SHOULD ALWAYS BE TREATED BY A DERMATOLOGIST.
YOUR HAIR
• YOUR HAIR PROTECTS YOUR SKIN FROM UV RADIATION AND HELPS MAINTAIN BODY HEAT.
• HAIR GROWS ON EVERY SURFACE OF THE SKIN EXCEPT FOR THE PALMS OF YOUR HAND AND THE SOLES OF YOUR FEET.
• HAIR IS COMPOSED OF DEAD CELLS ,LIVING CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS MAKE NEW HAIRS AND CAUSE HAIR GROWTH.
• EYEBROWS AND EYELASHES PROTECTS THE EYES FROM DUST AND OTHER PARTICLES.
• KEEPS HEAT IN.
• REGULAR SHAMPOOING WILL KEEP YOUR HAIR HEALTHY.
• HEATING HAIR ITEMS WILL MAKE YOUR HAIR BRITTLE AND DRY.
• HAIR PROBLEMS• DANDRUFF-THE DEAD SKIN CELLS
THAT ARE SHED AS STICKY WHITE FLAKES WHEN THE SCALP IS TOO DRY.
• HEAD LICE-ARE TINY PARASITIC INSECTS THAT ARE LIVE IN THE SCALP HAIR OF HUMANS. THEY FEED ON THE BLOOD FROM THE SCALP.
• LICE CAN INFECT ANYONE.• USE MEDICATED SHAMPOO CAN
KILL ORGANISMS. MUST CLEAN EVERYTHING!!!
YOUR NAILS
• NAILS HELP PROTECT YOUR FINGERS AND TOES.
• NAILS- ARE MADE OF CLOSELY PACKED DEAD CELLS THAT CONTAIN KERATIN.
• KEEP THEM CLEAN AND EVENLY TRIMMED.
• TRIM TOENAILS STRAIGHT ACROSS TO REDUCE A RISK OF INGROWN NAILS.
LESSON 2 HEALTHY TEETH AND
MOUTH• BIG IDEA-YOUR TEETH AND MOUTH
NEED CARE TO FUNCTION WELL AND KEEP YOU HEALTHY.
• BELLRINGER-WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO HAVE HEALTHY TEETH?
YOUR TEETH
• EVERY TOOTH HAS 3 PARTS.• HEALTHY TEETH IMPORTANT FOR
YOUR APPEARANCE.• BREAK DOWN FOOD • SHAPE YOU MOUTH
PARTS OF A TOOTH
• PERIODONTIUM-IS THE AREA IMMEDIATELY AROUND THE TOOTH.
• IT IS MADE UP OF THE GUM,PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS,AND THE JAWBONE.
• SUPPORT THE TOOTH AND HOLD IT IN PLACE.
TOOTH
• 3 MAIN PARTS• CROWN,NECK,ROOT• CROWN-IS THE VISIBLE PORTION
OF THE TOOTH.• IT IS PROTECTED WITH ENAMEL, A
HARD SUBSTANCE MADE OF CALCIUM.
• DENTIN- LAYER BENEATH THE ENAMEL, A LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE SHAPE AND HARDNESS OF THE TOOTH.
• PULP-IS THE TISSUE THAT CONTAINS THE BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES OF A TOOTH.
• STUDY THE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 364.
• THE NECK OF THE TOOTH IS BETWEEN THE CROWN AND THE ROOT.
• KEEPING YOUR TEETH AND MOUTH HEALTHY
• YOU CAN MAKE CHOICES THAT HELP KEEP YOUR TEETH AND MOUTH CLEAN AND HEALTHY.
• ORAL HYGIENE-BRUSHING AND FLOSSING YOUR TEETH.
• ACID BREAKS DOWN THE ENAMEL AND TOOTH DECAY OCCURS WHEN THE ENAMEL IS DESTROYED.
• PLAQUE-IS A COMBINATION OF BACTERIA AND OTHER PARTICLES SUCH AS SMALL BITS OF FOOD.
• PLAQUE BUILDS UP AND CAUSE A CAVITY AND IF THE DECAY SPREADS DOWN TO THE PULP THE TOOTH WILL HAVE TO BE REMOVED.
• VISIT A DENTIST REGULARLY AND KEEP YOUR TEETH AND GUMS HEALTHY.
TOOTH AND MOUTH PROBLEMS
• NEGLECTING YOUR TEETH CAN RESULT IN PROBLEMS.
1. HALITOSIS-BAD BREATH2. PERIODONTAL DISEASE-AN
INFLAMMATION OF THE PERIODONTAL STRCTURES-IS CAUSED BY BACTERIAL INFECTION.
• TARTAR-A HARD CRUSTLIKE STRUCTURE.-WHEN PLAQUE HARDENS.
• GINGIVITIS-GUMS ARE IRRITATED AND SWOLLEN.
• 3. MALOCCLUSION-A MISALIGNMENT OF THE UPPER AND LOWER TEETH OR BAD BITE.
• 4. IMPACTED WISDOM TEETH-SOMETIMES CROWD AND PUSH ON THE OTHER TEETH OR BECOME INFECTED.
LESSON 3HEALTHY EYES AND
EARS• BIG IDEA-EYES AND EARS ARE
SENSITIVE ORGANS THAT NEED PROTECTIVE CARE.
• BELLRINGER-WHAT ARE SOME STRUCTURES OF THE EYE?
YOUR EYES
• THE EYES AND THEIR SUPPORTING STRUCTURES ARE COMPLEX PARTS.
• MOST OF THE SENSORY INFORMATION THAT TRAVELS TO YOUR BRAIN COMES FROM LIGHT SIGNALS RECEIVED BY YOUR EYES.
• LACRIMAL GLAND-SECRETES TEARS INTO THE EYE THROUGH DUCTS.
• TEARS ARE MADE OF WATER, SALTS,MUCUS, AND A SUBSTANCE THAT PROTECTS THE EYE FROM INFECTION.
• PARTS OF THE EYE• THE EYE CONSISTS OF THE OPTIC
NERVE AND 3 LAYERS OF THE EYEBALL WALL.
• THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE EYE IS MADE UP OF THE SCLERA AND THE CORNEA.
• SCLERA-THE WHITE PART OF THE EYE-IS COMPOSED OF TOUGH,FIBROUS TISSUE THAT PROTECTS THE INNER LAYERS OF THE EYE AND SUPPORTS AND SHAPES THE EYEBALL.
• CORNEA-IS A TRANSPARENT TISSUE THAT BENDS AND FOCUSES LIGHT BEFORE IT ENTERS THE LENS.
• CHOROID-THE MIDDLE LAYER OD THE EYE.
• IRIS- COLORED PORTION OF THE EYE.
• PUPIL-IS THE HOLE THROUGH WHICH LIGHT REACHES THE INNER EYE.
• THE MUSCLES OF THE IRIS CONTROLS THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL.
• EX. WITH LIGHTS ON AND OFF• RETINA-IS THE INNER LAYER IF THE
EYE WALL.
• CONTAINS MILLIONS OF LIGHT SENSITIVE CELLS.
• RODS-ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO LIGHT AND ALLOW US TO SEE DIM LIGHT.
• CONES-FUNCTION IN BRIGHT LIGHT AND ALLOW US TO SEE COLOR.
• OPTIC NERVE- IS THE NERVE IMPULSES TRAVELS TO THE BRAIN THROUGH THE OPTIC NERVE WHICH IS LOCATED AT THE BACK OF THE EYE.
• LENS-IS LOCATED BEHIND THE IRIS AND THE PUPIL.
• AQUEOUS HUMOR-IS THE ARE BETWEEN THE CORNEA AND THE LENS.
• IT IS A WATERY FLUID WHICH PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE EYE.
• VITREOUS HUMOR-IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE LENS AND RETINA THERE IS A CAVITY FILLED THIS GELATIN LIKE SUBSTANCE.
• HELPS THE EYEBALL STAY FIRM AND THE EYE ITS SHAPE.
VISION
• WHEN LIGHT PASSES THROUGH THE CORNEA,PUPIL,AND LENS TO REACH THE RETINA, AN IMAGE IS FORMED.
• THE BRAIN TRANSLATES THE NERVE IMPULSES INTO IMAGES THAT YOU RECOGNIZE.
• NORMAL VISION IS 20/20• 20 FEET FROM AN EYE CHART AND
READ THE TOP 8 LINES.• 2 COMMON VISION DISORDERS• NEARSIGHTEDNESS-CAN NOT SEE
FAR AWAY• FARSIGHTEDNESS-CAN NOT SEE
CLOSE UP.
• 20/60 VISION IS NEARSIGHTED• STUDY THE CHART ON PAGE 370• EYE PROBLEMS• KEEPING YOUR EYES HEALTHY• MAKING HEALTHY CHOICES WILL
KEEP YOUR EYES HEALTHY.
1. FOLLOW A WELL-BALANCED EATING PLAN
2. PROTECT YOUR EYES
3. REST YOUR EYES REGULARLY
4. GET REGULAR EYE EXAMS
YOUR EARS
• THE INNER, MIDDLE, AND OUTER EAR WORK TOGETHER SO YOU CAN HEAR.
• BELLRINGER• WHAT IS HEARING?
• THE EAR CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 MAIN SECTIONS.
• THE OUTER EAR-IS THE VISIBLE PART OF THE EAR., CALLED THE AURICLE.
• AURICLE CHALLENGES SOUND WAVES INTO THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL , APASSAGE WAY ABOUT 1 INCH LONG.
• THE CANAL LEADS TO THE REMAINING PORTION OF THE OUTER EAR CALLED THE EARDRUM.
• EARDRUM-IS A THIN MEMBRANE THAT ACTS AS A BARRIER BETWEEN THE OUTER AND MIDDLE EAR.
• THE MIDDLE EAR-DIRECTLY BEHIND THE EARDRUM THERE ARE 3 SMALL BONES LINKED TOGETHER THAT CONNECT THE EARDRUM TO THE INNER EAR. HAMMER, AVIL, STIRRUP(AUDITORY OSSICLES)
• STIRRUP- SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY.
• MIDDLE EAR CONNECTED TO THE THROAT-SWALLOW \YAWN EQUALIZES PRESSURE ON EACH SIDE OF THE EARDRUM.
• THE INNER EAR-CONSISTS OF NETWORK OF CURVED AND SPIRAL PASSAGES THAT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 MAIN PARTS.
• COCHLEA-A SPIRAL SHAPED CANAL, IS THE AREA OF HEARING IN THE INNER EAR.
• VESTIBULE AND THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS ARE WHERE BALANCE IS CONTROLLED.
HEARING AND BALANCE
• RECEPTORS-IN YOUR INNER EAR STIMULATED BY A SOUND WAY.
• IMPULSE IS SENT TO THE BRAIN-AUDITORY NERVE.
• THE BRAIN MAKES ADJUSTMENTS TO MAINTAIN BALANCE.
KEEPING YOUR EARS HEALTHY
• CARING OF YOUR EARS HELPS PREVENT IRRITATION,INJURY,INFECTION, AND DAMAGE TO THE EARS, AS WELL AS HEARING LOSS.
• IF YOU HAVE AN EAR INFECTION SEE A DOCTOR.
• MIDDLE EAR INFECTIONS CAN DAMAGE THE STRUCTURE OF THE EAR.
• PROTECT EARS IN COLD WEATHER• KEEP FOREIGN
OBJECTS,INCLUDING COTTON-TIPPED SWABS, OUT OF THE EAR CANAL.
PREVENTING HEARING LOSS
• EXPOSURE TO LOUD NOISES CAN LEAD TO TEMPORARY AND SOMETIMES PERMANENT HEARING LOSS,OR DEAFNESS, OVER TIME.
• CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS-SOUND WAVES ARE NOT PASSED FROM THE OUTER EAR TO THE INNER EAR. EX. MIDDLE-EAR INFECTIONS.
• SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS-BIRTH DEFECT,EXPOSURE TO NOISE,GROWING OLDER,AND MEDICATION PROBLEMS.
• TINNITUS-A CONDITION IN WHICH A RINGING,BUZZING,WHISTLING,ROARING,HISSING, OR OTHER SOUND IS HEARD IN THE EAR.