chapter 13 laterologs - new mexico institute of mining and...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 13 Laterologs
Lecture notes for PET 370
Spring 2012
Prepared by: Thomas W. Engler, Ph.D., P.E.
![Page 2: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Laterologs
• developed for salt-based muds
• the survey current is focused, thus providing better vertical resolution and deeper depth of investigation.
• minimizes highly resistive adjacent bed effects
• borehole and bed thickness effects are negligible and often ignored.
Introduction
![Page 3: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Obsolete
current
LL7, LL3,
guard
DLL-MLL
DLL-
MSFL
1955-80
1972
Deep
Laterolog
(LLD)
Laterolog-7
Laterolog-3 /
Guard
Shallow
Laterolog
(LLS)
Micro-
laterolog
(MLL)
MLL
MSFL
Salt
Mud
Rmf<2Rw
Or
Rt>200
CurrentAIT1990ToolInductionArray
Obsolete
Obsolete
Obsolete
Current
Current
IES, IEL
ISF
DIL-LL8,
DIFL,
DISG
DIL-SFL
Phasor
1955-80
1970-85
1965
1975
1985
Induction
(6FF40)
Deep
Induction
Deep
Phasor
Induction
Medium
Induction
Medium
Phasor
Induction
16”Normal
Spherically
Focused
LL8/Short
Guard
Spherically
Focused
Spherically
Focused
Microlog
(ML)
Minilog
Proximity
(PL)
Fresh
Mud
Rmf>2Rw
Or
Rt<200
obsoleteES, ELup to
1955
18’ Lateral64” Normal16” Normal
CommentsNameYearsDeep
3+ ft
Medium
1.5-3 ft
Shallow
0.5-1.5 ft
Flushed
Zone
1-6 in.
Obsolete
current
LL7, LL3,
guard
DLL-MLL
DLL-
MSFL
1955-80
1972
Deep
Laterolog
(LLD)
Laterolog-7
Laterolog-3 /
Guard
Shallow
Laterolog
(LLS)
Micro-
laterolog
(MLL)
MLL
MSFL
Salt
Mud
Rmf<2Rw
Or
Rt>200
CurrentAIT1990ToolInductionArray
Obsolete
Obsolete
Obsolete
Current
Current
IES, IEL
ISF
DIL-LL8,
DIFL,
DISG
DIL-SFL
Phasor
1955-80
1970-85
1965
1975
1985
Induction
(6FF40)
Deep
Induction
Deep
Phasor
Induction
Medium
Induction
Medium
Phasor
Induction
16”Normal
Spherically
Focused
LL8/Short
Guard
Spherically
Focused
Spherically
Focused
Microlog
(ML)
Minilog
Proximity
(PL)
Fresh
Mud
Rmf>2Rw
Or
Rt<200
obsoleteES, ELup to
1955
18’ Lateral64” Normal16” Normal
CommentsNameYearsDeep
3+ ft
Medium
1.5-3 ft
Shallow
0.5-1.5 ft
Flushed
Zone
1-6 in.
Resistivity Logs Classification
![Page 4: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Laterologs
Guard Electrode System
• three electrode system
• focusing current from guard electrodes, A1and A2, maintains zero voltage between Ao and A1 - A2.
• Tradenames: Guard Log, LL3
Types
![Page 5: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Laterologs
Point Electrode System
• 7 to 9 electrodes
• focusing current adjusted to maintain zero voltage across the moniter electrodes, M.
• Tradenames: LL7, LL8
Types
![Page 6: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Obsolete
current
LL7, LL3,
guard
DLL-MLL
DLL-
MSFL
1955-80
1972
Deep
Laterolog
(LLD)
Laterolog-7
Laterolog-3 /
Guard
Shallow
Laterolog
(LLS)
Micro-
laterolog
(MLL)
MLL
MSFL
Salt
Mud
Rmf<2Rw
Or
Rt>200
CurrentAIT1990ToolInductionArray
Obsolete
Obsolete
Obsolete
Current
Current
IES, IEL
ISF
DIL-LL8,
DIFL,
DISG
DIL-SFL
Phasor
1955-80
1970-85
1965
1975
1985
Induction
(6FF40)
Deep
Induction
Deep
Phasor
Induction
Medium
Induction
Medium
Phasor
Induction
16”Normal
Spherically
Focused
LL8/Short
Guard
Spherically
Focused
Spherically
Focused
Microlog
(ML)
Minilog
Proximity
(PL)
Fresh
Mud
Rmf>2Rw
Or
Rt<200
obsoleteES, ELup to
1955
18’ Lateral64” Normal16” Normal
CommentsNameYearsDeep
3+ ft
Medium
1.5-3 ft
Shallow
0.5-1.5 ft
Flushed
Zone
1-6 in.
Obsolete
current
LL7, LL3,
guard
DLL-MLL
DLL-
MSFL
1955-80
1972
Deep
Laterolog
(LLD)
Laterolog-7
Laterolog-3 /
Guard
Shallow
Laterolog
(LLS)
Micro-
laterolog
(MLL)
MLL
MSFL
Salt
Mud
Rmf<2Rw
Or
Rt>200
CurrentAIT1990ToolInductionArray
Obsolete
Obsolete
Obsolete
Current
Current
IES, IEL
ISF
DIL-LL8,
DIFL,
DISG
DIL-SFL
Phasor
1955-80
1970-85
1965
1975
1985
Induction
(6FF40)
Deep
Induction
Deep
Phasor
Induction
Medium
Induction
Medium
Phasor
Induction
16”Normal
Spherically
Focused
LL8/Short
Guard
Spherically
Focused
Spherically
Focused
Microlog
(ML)
Minilog
Proximity
(PL)
Fresh
Mud
Rmf>2Rw
Or
Rt<200
obsoleteES, ELup to
1955
18’ Lateral64” Normal16” Normal
CommentsNameYearsDeep
3+ ft
Medium
1.5-3 ft
Shallow
0.5-1.5 ft
Flushed
Zone
1-6 in.
Resistivity Logs Classification
![Page 7: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Laterologs Types
Current flow path for LLD and LLS
Schematic diagram of the DLL-Rxo tool
Dual laterolog (LLS/LLD) - obtained by
using currents at different frequencies.
shallow and deep curves
![Page 8: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Laterologs Theory
n
1=i
1i
J where
sR
sJR
tJ
iR
iJ
xoR
xoJ
mcR
mcJ
mR
mJ
aR
J is the integrated pseudogeometric factor
J = f(tool type, di)
![Page 9: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Laterologs
Integrated geometrical factor 50% of signal contribution from a depth of:
8” MSFL
25” LLS
>80” LLD
Theory
![Page 10: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Laterologs
• Numerous factors influence the apparent resistivity measurement: – borehole effects (Rm, Rmc, dH, hmc) – adjacent beds (h, Rs) – invaded zone (di, Ri, Rxo) – uninvaded zone (Rt)
• Charts have been developed using math simulations to correct for these
effects. Corrections are sequenced!
Borehole
Adjacent bed
Invasion
True formation resistivity
Application
![Page 11: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Laterologs
Assume a step profile of invasion
Analytical solution
- three unknowns: di, Rxo, Rt
Invasion
d
R
Assumed di
Rxo LLd
Rt
LLs msfl
tR*))id(''xoJ1(xoR)id(''xoJMSFL)''aR(
tR*))id('xoJ1(xoR)id('xoJ LLS)''aR(
tR*))id(xoJ1(xoR)id(xoJ LLD)''aR(
![Page 12: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Laterologs
Invasion
Tornado Chart for Dual-Laterolog-Rxo Device
(Schlumberger)
![Page 13: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Laterologs Example
![Page 14: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Laterologs
Example
![Page 15: Chapter 13 Laterologs - New Mexico Institute of Mining and ...infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Engler370/fmev-chap8b-laterolog.pdf · Obsolete current LL7, LL3, guard DLL -MLL DLL](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062219/5ac0c88f7f8b9a213f8c5f96/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bassiouni, Z: Theory, Measurement, and Interpretation of Well Logs, SPE Textbook Series, Vol. 4, (1994)
Chapter 5
Schlumberger, Log Interpretation Charts, Houston, TX (1995)
Western Atlas, Log Interpretation Charts, Houston, TX (1992)
Resistivity Logs References