BIO 2870Winter 2011Wayne State University

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-0 INTRODUCTION

2/3/11 2BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-0 INTRODUCTIONI. OVERVIEW (3 MAIN FUNCTIONS):

A. SENSORY INPUTB. INTEGRATIONC. MOTOR OUTPUT

i. EFFECTORS

2/3/11 3BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-0 INTRODUCTIONI. OVERVIEW (3 MAIN FUNCTIONS):

A. SENSORY INPUTB. INTEGRATIONC. MOTOR OUTPUT

i. EFFECTORS

2/3/11 4BIO2870

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY1-6 HOMEOSTASIS

② EXTRINSIC REGULATION – THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OR ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ADJUST OR CONTROL MANY OTHER SYSTEMS SIMULTANEOUSLY.

i.e. NERVOUS SYSTEM DURING EXERCISE

52/3/11BIO2870

INCREASE HR,ALTER CIRCULATION

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-1 ANATOMICAL & FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONSI. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYTEM (CNS) & PERIPHERAL NERVOUS

SYSTEM (PNS)

2/3/11 6BIO2870

PeripheralNervous System

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-1 ANATOMICAL & FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONSII. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

2/3/11 7BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-1 ANATOMICAL & FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONSII. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

A. AFFERENT DIVISION (SENSORY INPUT)i. EXTEROCEPTORSii. INTEROCEPTORSiii. PROPRIOCEPTORS

2/3/11 8BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-1 ANATOMICAL & FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONSII. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

B. EFFERENT DIVISION (MOTOR OUTPUT)i. SOMATICii. AUTONOMIC

2/3/11 9BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-1 ANATOMICAL & FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS

1. AUTONOMICi. PARASYMPATHETIC VS SYMPATHETIC (FLIGHT OR FIGHT RESPONSE)

2/3/11 10BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-1 ANATOMICAL & FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS

1. AUTONOMICi. PARASYMPATHETIC VS SYMPATHETIC (FLIGHT OR FIGHT RESPONSE)

2/3/11 11BIO2870

CNS

PNS

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-1 ANATOMICAL & FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS

1. AUTONOMICi. PARASYMPATHETIC VS SYMPATHETIC (FLIGHT OR FIGHT RESPONSE)

2/3/11 12BIO2870

http://cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/hyper-book/ch02/f02-04.jpg

CNS

PNS

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-2 NEURONSI. MICRO STRUCTURE

2/3/11 13BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-2 NEURONSII. MACRO STRUCTURE

A. SYNAPTIC KNOB = SYNAPTIC KNOB

2/3/11 14BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-2 NEURONSII. MACRO STRUCTURE

B. SYNAPSESi. NEURONS (PRE & POST

SYNAPTIC NEURONS)i. DENDRITEii. CELL BODYiii. AXON

ii. MUSCLE =NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

iii. GLAND = NEUROGLANDULAR JUNCTION

2/3/11 15BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-2 NEURONSIII. PROPERTIES

A. RESTING POTENTIAL ≅ -70mVi. HYPERPOLRIZATION = CELL BECOMES MORE NEGATIVE, DEACTIVATINGii. DEPOLARIZATION = CELL BECOMES LESS NEGATIVE OR MORE POSITIVE, ACTIVATING

B. CONDUCTIVEi. ACTION POTENTIAL PROPAGATION

2/3/11 16BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-2 NEURONSIII. PROPERTIES

C. SECRETORYi. NEUROTRANSMITTER

SYNTHESIS, STORAGE AND SECRETION

ii. AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT

1. SLOW STREAM 2. FAST STREAM3. ANTEROGRADE FLOW4. RETROGRADE FLOW

2/3/11 17BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-2 NEURONSIV.NEURONAL CLASSIFICATIONS

A. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATIONS

2/3/11 18BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-2 NEURONSIV.NEURONAL CLASSIFICATIONS

B. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONSi. SENSORY NEURONS

1. SOMATIC2. VISCERAL

ii. MOTOR NEURONSiii. INTERNEURONS

2/3/11 19BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-3 NEUROGLIA~SUPPORT CELLS

2/3/11 20BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-3 NEUROGLIAI. EPENDYMAL CELLS

A. EPENDYMAi. CENTRAL CANALii. VENTRICLES

B. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

2/3/11 21BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-3 NEUROGLIAII. ASTROCYTES

A. BLOOD BRAIN BARRIERB. REPAIR DAMAGED NEURAL

TISSUEC. GUIDING NEURON

DEVELOPMENTD. CONTROLLING INTERSTITIAL

ENVIRONMENT

2/3/11 22BIO2870

http://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3430-200/image/09-6.jpg

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-3 NEUROGLIAIII. OLIGODENDROCYTES

A. MYELIN

2/3/11 23BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-3 NEUROGLIAIV.MICROGLIA

2/3/11 24BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-3 NEUROGLIAII. PNS CELL TYPES

A. SATELLITE CELLS aka AMPHICYTES

2/3/11 25BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-3 NEUROGLIAII. PNS CELL TYPES

B. SCHWANN CELLS

2/3/11 26BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-4 ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION(REVIEW OF TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL & RESTING POTENTIAL

(3-7))

I. POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE

II. RESTING POTENTIALA. Na+/K+ PUMPB. K+ LEAK CHANNELSC. PROTEINSD. NUCLEIC ACIDS

2/3/11 27BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-4 ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION

2/3/11 28BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-4 ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSIONII. RESTING POTENTIAL

2/3/11 29BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-4 ELECTRICAL

TRANSMISSIONIII. PASSIVE FORCES

A. CHEMICAL GRADIENTS

B. ELECTRICAL GRADIENTS

C. ELECTROCHEMI-CAL GRADIENTS

2/3/11 30BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-4 ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSIONIV.ACTIVE FORCES

A. SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP

2/3/11 31BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-4 ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSIONV. CHANGES IN TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL

2/3/11 32BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-4 ELECTRICAL

TRANSMISSIONVI.GRADED POTENTIALS

2/3/11 33BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-4 ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSIONVI.GRADED POTENTIALS

2/3/11 34BIO2870

NERVOUS SYSTEM12-5 ACTION POTENTIALI. ALL-OR-NONE

A. THRESHOLD i. TYPICALLY BETWEEN -60 TO -55 mV

II. GENERATION OF ACTION POTENTIALS

2/3/11 35BIO2870