chapter 11: the third world. thinking about the third world the basics poverty environmental threats...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 11:Chapter 11:The Third The Third
WorldWorld
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Thinking About The Third World
• The Basics
• Poverty
• Environmental Threats
• Ethnicity and Conflict
• Globalization and Structural Adjustment
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Thinking About The Third World
• Key Questions
– Why are global forces more influential in the Third World?
– Why are Third World societies so divided?
– Why are so many states in the Third World so weak?
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The Evolution of Politics in the Third World
• Imperialism and its Legacy
• Boundaries of imperial convenience
• Commercial agriculture
• Extractive industries
• Exported profits
• Indirect rule
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The Evolution of Politics in the Third World
• Independence
• Postcolonial Problems
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Political Culture in the Third World
• Identity
• patron-client linkages
• religious cleavages
• change and resistance
• Ethnic and Other Division
• Lack of Legitimacy
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Political Participation in the Third World
• Less of a balance between supporting and demanding participation
• “Top down” participation in single-party or military governments
• Over-simplification to say they are cynical manipulation of the masses by the elite.
• Patron-client relations• Communal groups• The role of nongovernmental organizations
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Weak States
• Types of States
• Democracies
• Single-Party Regimes
• Military Regimes
• Personal Dictatorships
• Failed States
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Weak States
• States and Power
• lack of public resources
• short-lived regimes
• corruption
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Public Policy: The Myths and Realities of
Development
• Import Substitution
• Structural Adjustment
• International Financial Institutions
• Foreign Aid
• Microcredit
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Feedback• Relatively few have access to television due to
poverty• About 1 in 3,000 has internet access• Many third world countries do not have a free
press available; authoritarian regimes censor the news
• Patron-client networks and other “traditional” institutions provide critical feedback “services,” reinforcing the patrons’ strength and their clients’ dependency.
• Mass media used to stimulate ethnic conflict
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Democratization
• Political socialization
• Legitimacy
• Fortune and misfortune
• Capitalism
• Globalization