chapter 11: mental workload, stress and individual differences: cognitive and neuroergonomic...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 11: Mental Workload, Stress and Individual Differences: Cognitive and
Neuroergonomic Approaches
Slide Template
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THE NEUROERGONOMIC APPROACH
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MENTAL WORKLOAD
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Workload Overload
• Relative/absolute workload• Predictive models• Workload assessment
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Workload Overload
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Reserve Capacity Region
• Relative predictions
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Measures of Mental Workload and Reserve Capacity
• Behavioral measures• Secondary tasks• Subjective measures• Purpose of workload assessment
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Neuroergonomics of Workload
• Overview• EEG• Event-related potentials• Ultrasound measures of cerebral blood flow• Near infrared spectroscopy and cerebral
oxygenation
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Neuroergonomics of Workload
• Heart-rate variability• Pupil diameter• Visual scanning, entropy, and the “nearest
neighbor index”• Costs and benefits of physiological measures
of workload
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Relationship between Workload Measures
• Dissociation• Effort and the number of tasks
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Consequences of Workload
• Adaptation
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STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL AROUSAL, AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE
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The Yerkes Dodson Law
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• Arousal Theory• Transactional and Cognitive
Appraisal Theories of Stress• Stress Effects on Performance
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Stress Components Effects
• Selective attention: Narrowing• Selective attention :Distraction• Working memory loss• Preservation
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Stress Components Effects
• Strategic control– Recruitment of more resources– Remove the stressor– Change the goals of the task– Do nothing
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Stress Remediation
• Environmental solutions• Design solutions• Training
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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
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• Ability Differences in Multitasking• Differences in Working Memory• Molecular Genetics and Individual
Differences in Cognition• Brain Computer Interfaces for
Healthy and Disabled Individuals