chapter 11 - genetics
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 11 - Genetics. Chp. 11 – 4 Applied Genetics. I. Applied Genetics. A. using ones knowledge of genetics to affect heredity 1. transfer genes from one organism to another to give it - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 11 - Chapter 11 - GeneticsGenetics
Chp. 11 – 4
Applied Genetics
![Page 2: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. Applied Genetics
A. using ones knowledge of genetics to affect heredity 1. transfer genes from one organism to another to give it as a desired trait a. hardier & better
tasting crops b. stronger immunity
system
![Page 3: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
II. Mutation A. a change in genes or chromosome’s appearance or number of that causes a new trait to be inherited B. Hugo de Vries 1. looked at primroses 2. saw mutations within the plants C. Occurs on all body cells (skin cells, sex cells etc.)
1. if on sex cells, will pass onto the offspring
a. deformationb. 12 toes instead if 10c. no growth - dwarfism
d. color blindness
![Page 4: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
D. Changes
1. changes traita. Green eyes instead of blueb. Extra finger or limb
2. harmfula. Low RBCb. Low WBCc. Low platelet/plasma count
3. helpful a. blend with environment b. better tasting
![Page 5: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
E. types 1. deletion a. when one chromosome is removed b. ex: A B C D E F G A B C F G
2. insertion a. when one chromosome is repeated b. ex: A B C D E F G A B A B C D E F G
3. inversion a. when chromosomes are changed/swapped b. ex: A B C D E F G A D C B F E G H
![Page 6: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
4. translocation a. when blending chromosomes into one
b. Ex: ABCDEFGH WXYZ WXABCEFGHYZ 5. point mutation or substitution a. when only one letter changes in the frame b. Ex: aug aag uuu ggg aug aag uug ggg 6. Frame shift mutation a. when a letter moves from one frame to another moving all others up b. Ex: aug aag uuu ggg aug aa guuu ggg
![Page 7: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The study of passing genes is known as
1 2 3 4
40% 40%
20%
0%
1. Mutation
2. Chromosomes
3. Fertilization
4. Heredity
![Page 8: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
A change in a gene is
1 2 3 4
0% 0%0%
100%1. chromosomal deformation
2. mutation
3. genetic engineering
4. a new trait
![Page 9: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What scientist discovered mutations?
1 2 3 4
40%
0%0%
60%
1. De Fries
2. De Hugo
3. Primrose
4. Mendel
![Page 10: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What plant did Hugo de Fries use to study mutations?
1 2 3 4
0%
20%
80%
0%
1. Roses
2. Pea plants
3. primroses
4. Pine trees
![Page 11: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Where do mutations occur?
1 2 3 4
20%
80%
0%0%
1. Blood
2. Heart
3. Plants
4. Chromosomes
![Page 12: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Which is not a harmful trait?
1 2 3 4
25% 25%25%25%
1. Low red blood cells
2. Low white blood cells
3. 12 toes
4. Low platelet count
![Page 13: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Which is not a helpful trait?
1 2 3 4
0%
100%
0%0%
1. Better immune system
2. Better tasting
3. Ability to blend with environment
4. Having an extra limb
![Page 14: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Which is not a type of a mutation?
1 2 3 4 5
0% 0% 0%
80%
20%
1. Deletion
2. Insertion
3. Translocation
4. Swap out
5. Inversion
![Page 15: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
III. Selective Breeding
A. the process of selecting traits and breeding organisms for certain desired traits to show
B. done for useful mutations 1. longer legs in sheep 2. race horses
![Page 16: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
C. Two types 1. hybridization a. also known as outbreeding b. crossing 2 genetically different but related species of organisms c. crosses known to be hybrids d. examples 1. mule = mare and jack donkey
![Page 17: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2. inbreeding a. the cross of 2 organisms that have the same or similar set of genes b. prevents organisms from extinction c. problems 1 - reduces the offspring’s chances of inheriting new genes 2 - causes offspring to always be similar 3 - organisms are susceptible to certain diseases 4 - organisms not able to handle environmental changes
![Page 18: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IV. Genetic EngineeringA. Process which genes or pieces of DNA
are transferred into another organismB. Examples 1. Medicine a. test for diseases b. treat disease 1 - growth hormone 2 - insulin 2. agriculture a. ice-minus 1 - slows ice formation on plants b. improving plant resistance toward disease drought or insects
![Page 19: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
V. Cloning A. The process in which one is created from a single cell of the same group creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another 1. uses a cell from an adult
organism to grow a new one
2. ex: first cloned sheep in 1997 in
Europe B. Very controversial
1. comes down morales/ethics 2. illegal in US
![Page 20: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The selection of genes to get a desired trait is known as
1 2 3 4
20%
0%0%
80%1. Cloning
2. Selective breeding
3. Fertilization
4. Mutation
![Page 21: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
What is another word for hybridization?
1 2 3 4
40%
0%0%
60%
1. Inbreeding
2. Outbreeding
3. Sidebreeding
4. No breeding
![Page 22: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What’s the main difference between inbreeding & hybridization?
1 2 3
0%
20%
80%
1. There is no difference
2. Inbreeding is with the same group; hybridization is different groups
3. Inbreeding is with different groups; hybridization is with the same group
![Page 23: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Why do we inbreed?
1 2 3 4
40%
0%
60%
0%
1. Better genes
2. Prevents disease
3. Prevents extinction
4. More breeds develop
![Page 24: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Process where pieces of genes are transferred into another organism is known as
1 2 3 4
0%
100%
0%0%
1. Selective breeding
2. Outbreeding
3. Cloning
4. Genetic engineering
![Page 25: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
What is the process where we use an adult gene to create new organism?
1 2 3 4
0%
100%
0%0%
1. Genetic engineering
2. Selective breeding
3. Inbreeding
4. Cloning
![Page 26: Chapter 11 - Genetics](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062315/56815475550346895dc28bb4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ASSIGNMENT:
review questions page 290
turn in & begin study guide