chapter 10 intro to routing & switching. upon completion of this chapter, you should be able...
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APPLICATION LAYER
Chapter 10
Intro to Routing & Switching
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OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, you
should be able to: Explain how the functions of the application layer, session
layer, and presentation layer work together to provide network services to end user applications.
Describe how common application layer protocols interact with end user applications.
Describe common application layer protocols that provide Internet services to end-users, including WWW services and email.
Describe application layer protocols that provide IP addressing services, including DNS and DHCP.
Describe the features and operation of well-known application layer protocols that allow for file sharing services.
Explain how data is moved across the network, from opening an application to receiving data.
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APPLICATION, PRESENTATION, & SESSION
10.1
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MODEL REVIEW
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APPLICATION LAYER Provides the interface between the
applications we use to communicate & the network
Used to exchange data between source & destination
What are some of the application layer protocols?
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PRESENTATION LAYER
Formats data so it can be read Compress/decompress data Encrypt/decrypt data
MPEG, JPG, GIF
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APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS- PART 1
DNSNames to IP addresses
TelnetRemote access to
servers/switches/routers/devices DHCP
Automatically assign IP/SM/DG/DNS server addresses
BOOTPOlder version of DHCP
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APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS- PART 2
HTTP Transfers web pages
FTP File transfer
SMTP Transfers email
POP Gets email from email server to client Then deleted from server
IMAP Gets email from email server to client Kept on server until you delete it
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ACTIVITY 10.1.1.5
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REVIEW- 5Q What 3 OSI layers are similar to the
TCP/IP Application Layer? Application, Presentation, Session
What are 3 functions of the Presentation Layer? Data formatting, compression, encryption
Name some application layer protocols. DNS, DHCP, Telnet, POP, IMAP, SMTP, FTP,
HTTP, BOOTP What protocol handles web transfer?
HTTP What protocol handles file transfer?
FTP
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HOW THE PROTOCOLS INTERACT WITH
APPLICATIONS
10.1.1
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PEER TO PEER NETWORKS
2 or more connected computers with NO SERVERShares files on each other’s HD &
connected printersEvery device acts as client AND serverNo one device in chargeNo central user accounts
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PEER TO PEER APPLICATIONS
P2P applications allow users to directly share specified file types across peer-to-peer or client-server networks.
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COMMON P2P APPLICATIONS
BitTorrent LimeWire
No central serverUses files found on
client hard drives
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CLIENT-SERVER NETWORKS
Client requests a service from a dedicated server
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REVIEW- 3Q What type of network has centralized
resources, such as central file storage?Client-server
What type of network shares resources located on local computer hard drives?Peer to peer
You type www.gcit.org into your web browser. A DNS request is created and then a we request is sent. What type of network is this?Client-server
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COMMON APPLICATION LAYER PROTOCOLS
10.2.1
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COMMON PROTOCOLS
What application layer protocols would you use on a daily basis?
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HTTP & HTML http://www.cisco.com/index.html
HTTP is the protocolCisco.com is the server name Index.html is the document you requested
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HTTP & HTTPS Layer 4 port:
HTTP: 80HTTPS: 443
Browser messagesGET (requests page from web server)POST & PUT (uploads to web server)
HTTPSSecureUses SSL to encrypt
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SMTP, POP, IMAP Layer 4 ports:
SMTP-25POP3- 110 IMAP-143
Send mail to server & server to server; SMTP
Get mail from email server; POP3 & IMAPPOP deletes mail from server when sent to
client IMAP sends copy of email to client and
server keeps mail until deleted
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ACTIVITY PT Lab 10.2.1.8 Web & Email
In this activity, you will configure HTTP and email services using the simulated server in Packet Tracer. You will then configure clients to access the HTTP and email services.
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REVIEW Why would you use IMAP instead of
POP? IMAP keeps the emails until manually
deleted Which protocol uses GET, PUT, and
POST?HTTP
Which email protocol send you a copy of the email and deletes it from the server?POP
What port # is POP?110
What does HTTPS use to encrypt?SSL
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IP ADDRESSING SERVICES
10.2.2
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DNS Layer 4 port: 53
Servers that translates names to IP addresses
DNS servers know some, forward rest to other DNS servers
Nslookup Get in the mode and then enter domain
Ipconfig /displaydns Displays cached DNS
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DNS DNS servers are in a hierarchy
Top-level, most trusted: .com, .edu, .gov Contains 2nd-level domain server records
Second-level: Contains records for the company only
MX used for mail
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DHCP Layer 4 port: 67/68
At home, your router is a DHCP server At work, you may have a dedicated
DHCP server
Used for general purpose/PC devicesStatic addressing for routers, switches,
printers, Internet-accessible devices DHCP addresses are leased
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DHCP
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ACTIVITY PT Lab 10.2.2.8
DHCP & DNS Services In this activity, you will configure and verify
static IP addressing and DHCP addressing. You will then configure a DNS server to map IP addresses to the website names.
HW: Lab 10.2.2.9 Observing DNS You will observe the DNS Conversion of a
URL to an IP Address, observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on a Web Site, and observe DNS Lookup Using the nslookup Command on Mail Servers.
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REVIEW- 4Q Which broadcast message gets sent out
from a PC to a DHCP server when it turns on?DCHPDiscover
What does the DHCP server send back to the PC?DHCPOffer
What does the DHCP request look like?All 255’s
Who gets & responds to that request?Everyone in local network gets it; only DHCP
server responds
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FILE SHARING SERVICES
10.2.3
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FTP Layer 4 port:
20/2120- data21- control info
Download/upload data from a serverExample: sending
a designed web page to the web server
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FTP SOFTWARE
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SMB Server Message Block
Client-server file sharing protocol for file, printer, and directory sharing
Used for long-term connections to keep connection active
Authenticates the session
Example:Use SMB (instead of FTP) when downloading
a TON of files from a server
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ACTIVITY PT Lab 10.2.3.2
In this activity, you will configure FTP services. You will then use the FTP services to transfer files between clients and the server.
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REVIEW- 3Q What program runs on an FTP server
that listens for requests?FTPdaemon
What runs on a PC that will request services from an FTP server?FTP Client software
If you need to download many files from a server, which could take hours, which protocol would you use?SMB
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REVIEW- Q Which command did you use to
manually get the name to IP information?nslookup
What port is HTTPS?443
What type of applications need a specific application interface and background service running between hosts?P2P application, like IM
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SUMMARY Applications are computer programs with
which the user interacts and which initiate the data transfer process at the user’s request.
Services are background programs that provide the connection between the application layer and the lower layers of the networking model.
Protocols provide a structure of agreed-upon rules and processes that ensure services running on one particular device can send and receive data from a range of different network devices
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SUMMARY HTTP supports the delivery of web pages to end
devices SMTP, POP, and IMAP support sending and
receiving email FTP enable users to share files P2P applications make it easier for consumers to
seamlessly share media DNS resolves the human legible names used to
refer to network resources into numeric addresses usable by the network
All of these elements work together, at the application layer.
The application layer enables users to work and play over the Internet.
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REVIEW & STUDY Complete the study guide handout
Take the quiz on netacad.com
Jeopardy review
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APPLICATION LAYER
Chapter 10
Intro to Routing & Switching