Chapter 1The Earliest Human Societies

Key Terms•History

•Historiography

• Archaeology

• Anthropology

• Linguistic History

•Hominoid

• Paleolithic Age

•Neolithic Age

• Agricultural Revolution

•Neanderthal Man

• BCE and CE

• 8 Features of Civilizations

•Diffusion Theory

•Homo sapiens

•Matriarchy

A Few Definitions

•History- the record of what people have done in the past.

•Historiography- the systematic study of history, as processed through an author’s brain and bias, working on the raw materials found.

• Anthropology- science that studies humans as a species rather than their activity.

• Archaeology- study of past cultures and civilizations.

The Evolving Past

•The evolution of the study of history

•Primary sources- original documents, objects, artifacts and non-written sources, human genetic history, and linguistic history(study of past languages)

•Tool making ability is key to development

•Why?

The Paleolithic Age•First appearance of man to about

10,000BC

•Also known as the Stone Age

•Paleo- Old

•Lithos- Stone

•By the end of this age humans inhabited all the continents except Antarctica.

•Hunters and Gatherers

The Paleolithic Agecontinued

•Family is the basic social unit

•normally a clan or extended family

•nuclear family- immediate family

•Human Development

•What does history say?

•What does the Bible say?

•Where does the Catholic Church stand?

The Answer...

•We understand that God has put us on earth for a unique purpose.

•What is it?

•Where did it come from?

•Where do we go from here?

The Neolithic Age

•Nomadic hunters and gathers became more sedentary

•Settled in one place

•Agricultural Revolution

•took 200-400 years

•Livestock breeding and herding

•Sowing and harvesting

Agricultural Revolution

•4 Main Changes

•People settled in permanent locations

•Privately owned property

•Systematized Regulation

•enforce the rights of access to resources

•Specialization of Labor

More on the AR•Enlarged public life for women!

•Matriarchy

•female social and political dominance

•Female centered religious rituals

•Diffusion Theory

•spread of ideas and technology through human contact

8 Features of Agrarian and Irrigation Civilizations

• Based primarily on peasant agriculture and livestock breading

• Maintained life in balance with natural environment

• Religion based heavily on gods and spirits that controlled environment

• Religions leaders

• Believed time to by cyclic

• Social values emphasized kinship and clan

• Emphasized ritual and sacrifice as ways to control deities

• Primarily rural societies

Metal

•First type used was a soft copper

•Later combined with lead and tin ores to create...BRONZE

•Much more durable and useful

•Used from about 7000BC to 1500BC for most tools

•Then came iron...HURRAY!

•Why is this important?

The End!