Chapter 1, Section 2Chapter 1, Section 2

A Brief History of PsychologyA Brief History of Psychology

Mr. YoungMr. Young

11stst and 6 and 6thth Period Period

Essential QuestionEssential Question

Has the field of Psychology Has the field of Psychology evolved over time and if it evolved over time and if it has, what has lead to this has, what has lead to this process?process?

I CAN:I CAN:

Explain important trends in the history of Explain important trends in the history of PsychologyPsychology

Identify various approaches to the study of Identify various approaches to the study of PsychologyPsychology

Analyze why Sigmund Freud smoked cigarsAnalyze why Sigmund Freud smoked cigars List and Explain the major reasons why List and Explain the major reasons why

most Psychologists had cool facial hairmost Psychologists had cool facial hair

The Origins of PsychologyThe Origins of Psychology

PhrenologyPhrenology- practice of - practice of examining examining bumpsbumps on a on a person’s skull to person’s skull to determine that persons determine that persons intellect and character intellect and character traittrait

Psychology has Psychology has molded from other molded from other sciencessciences

Phrenology VideoPhrenology Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=80dZ71Km6_g&feature=related

3:30 minutes3:30 minutes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nck46Bzt2c

1:20 movie clip1:20 movie clip

Historical ApproachesHistorical Approaches

1.1. StructuralismStructuralism

2.2. FunctionalismFunctionalism

3.3. Inheritable TraitsInheritable Traits

4.4. Gestalt PsychologyGestalt Psychology

1) Structuralism1) Structuralism

A psychologist who A psychologist who studied the basic studied the basic elements that make up elements that make up conscious mental conscious mental experiencesexperiences

Wundt developed Wundt developed introspectionintrospection, a method , a method of self-observation in of self-observation in which participants report which participants report their thoughts and their thoughts and feelingsfeelings

2) Functionalism2) Functionalism

William JamesWilliam James, taught , taught at Harvardat Harvard

Father of Psychology Father of Psychology in Americain America

Study how animals Study how animals and people and people adaptadapt to to their environmentstheir environments

Psychology 101 VideoPsychology 101 Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW6nm69Z_IE

1:10 min1:10 min

3) Inheritable Traits3) Inheritable Traits

Sir Francis Sir Francis GaltonGalton Understand how Understand how

heredityheredity influences a influences a person’s abilities, person’s abilities, characters, and behaviorcharacters, and behavior

A person’s heredity and A person’s heredity and environment interact to environment interact to influence influence intelligenceintelligence

Helped to create modern Helped to create modern personality and IQ testspersonality and IQ tests

Inheritable traits videoInheritable traits video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP27i05-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yP27i05-vTgvTg

1:30 min1:30 min

4) Gestalt Psychology4) Gestalt Psychology

““Whole Pattern” means Whole Pattern” means GestaltGestalt

Argued that perception Argued that perception is more than the is more than the sumsum of its parts.of its parts.

Forerunner for Forerunner for cognitivecognitive approaches approaches to the study of to the study of psychologypsychology

Gestalt TheoryGestalt Theory

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxKcpfFvuf8v=nxKcpfFvuf8

4:14 minutes4:14 minutes

Contemporary ApproachesContemporary Approaches

1.1. PsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic

2.2. BehavioralBehavioral

3.3. HumanisticHumanistic

4.4. CognitiveCognitive

5.5. BiologicalBiological

6.6. Sociocultural ApproachSociocultural Approach

1) Psychoanalytic 1) Psychoanalytic

SigmundSigmund Freud, more Freud, more interested in interested in unconscious mindunconscious mind

Believe that the Believe that the unconsciousunconscious mind mind controls your behaviorcontrols your behavior

http://http://www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUB85lSj4pMwatch?v=AUB85lSj4pM

2:30 min 2:30 min

2) Behavioral 2) Behavioral

Ivan Pavlov, John B. Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B.F. SkinnerWatson, B.F. Skinner

When you investigate When you investigate observableobservable behavior behavior

SkinnerSkinner- - Reinforcement, Reinforcement, response to behavior response to behavior that will increase that will increase likelihood or repeated likelihood or repeated behaviorbehavior

Ivan Pavlov VideoIvan Pavlov Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMJJpbRx_O8&feature=relatedv=FMJJpbRx_O8&feature=related

1:50 min1:50 min http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=hhqumfpxuzIv=hhqumfpxuzI 3:55 min3:55 min

B.F. Skinner VideoB.F. Skinner Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_ctJqjlrHAv=I_ctJqjlrHA

3:58 min3:58 min

3) Humanistic3) Humanistic

Abraham Maslow, Carl Abraham Maslow, Carl RogersRogers

Each person has Each person has freedomfreedom in directing in directing his or her future and his or her future and potential to develop potential to develop

Emphasizes Emphasizes personalpersonal growthgrowth

Maslow’s Hierarchy Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Videoof Needs Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKVULQ_S70Q&feature=fvwrelv=WKVULQ_S70Q&feature=fvwrel

1 min1 min

4) Cognitive 4) Cognitive

Jean Piaget, Norm Jean Piaget, Norm ChomskyChomsky

Concerned with how Concerned with how thinkingthinking processes, processes, such as intelligence such as intelligence and problem solving, and problem solving, can be used to deal can be used to deal with problems or to with problems or to develop a healthy develop a healthy personalitypersonality

5) Biological5) Biological

Biological factors Biological factors influence our influence our behaviorbehavior

Modern PET, MRI Modern PET, MRI scansscans

Genetic factors Genetic factors influence a wide range influence a wide range of human behaviorsof human behaviors

6) Sociocultural6) Sociocultural

Studies the social and Studies the social and cultural influence on cultural influence on behaviorbehavior

Way we think, feel, Way we think, feel, behave may be linked behave may be linked to cultureto culture

Also concerned with Also concerned with issue of issue of gendergender and and socioeconomicsocioeconomic status status