Chapter 1 Review

Living Things...

What are the characteristics of living things?• There are 5 you need to know...

1. All living things are made of cells.2. All living things obtain and use energy in some

way.3. Living things grow and develop.4. Living things reproduce.5. Living things respond to their environment

History...

Development of the microscope lead to our understanding of cells.

• Robert Hooke: Used one of the first microscopes to look at cork. First to see cells and use the word “cells”

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Used simple microscope to look at pond water. First person to see single celled organisms (bacteria)

History Cont..

Important people who had important discoveries about cells.

• Matthias Schleiden– Concluded that all plants are made of cells.

• Theodor Schwann– Concluded that all animals are made of cells.

• Rudolph Virchow– Discovered that all living things come from other

living cells.

History Cont..

While scientists were working on making important discoveries about cells, many people believed in the theory of Spontaneous Generation.

• This theory states that living things can spontaneously appear from non-living matter.– Example: a rabbit could just appear on your desk

History Cont...

Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur are the two scientist who helped disproved the theory of Spontaneous Generation and opened people up to the idea of the Cell Theory.

• Francesco Redi– Set up experiment with jars of meat and looked to see where

maggots appeared• Louis Pasteur – Set up experiment with boiled flask of beef broth and looked

to see where the microbes would grow

History Cont...

Disproval of the theory of Spontaneous Generation lead to the acceptance of the Cell Theory

Cell Theory states:1. All living things are made of cells.2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function

in living things.3. Living cells come only from other living cells.

Cellular Organization

All living things are organized and classified by their cell type. – Archaea and Bacteria • Most unicellular organisms are classified here

– Prokaryote (no nucleus, ribosomes in cytoplasm but not other organelles, tough cell wall)

– Eukarya • Plant cells and animal cells are two main types

– Eukaryotes (have a nucleus, many specialized organelles, complex in structure)

Cellular Organization Cont...

A multicellular organism is community of cells working together. Single cells CAN NOT live alone.– The amount of specialized cells depends on the

complexity of the organism.

• Groups of the same specialized cells form tissues• Groups of the same type of tissues form organs• Groups of organs with the same functions form

organ systems

Cell Organelles

You should know the functions of the following cell organelle...

1. cell wall2. cell membrane3. cytoplasm4. nucleus5. endoplasmic reticulum

6. ribosomes7. golgi body8. vacuole9. chloroplast10. mitochondria11. lysosomes

Specialized Cells

All cells in multicellular organisms have specific and specialized functions that work together for the good of the whole organism.

• Examples of specialized cells– red blood cells– reproductive cells– stem cells