chapter 1 part 2 - unimap portalportal.unimap.edu.my/portal/page/portal30/lecturer notes... ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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MICROWAVE ENGINEERINGChapter 1 (Part 2)
EKT 345
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1.3 Microwave Components
1. Directional Couplers
2. Detectors
3. Mixers
4. Quadrature hybrids
5. Circulators and isolators
6. Attenuators
7. Power dividers
8. Filters
9. Antennas
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1.3.1 Directional Coupler
� A component which allows two microwave circuits to be combined
into one integrated system in one direction, while being completely
isolated from each other in opposite direction.
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Cont’d…
http://www.asia.ru/en/ProductInfo/1140822.html
www.aptecelectronics.com
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Cont’d…
![Page 6: Chapter 1 part 2 - UniMAP Portalportal.unimap.edu.my/portal/page/portal30/Lecturer Notes... · MICROWAVE ENGINEERING Chapter 1 ... a directional coupler whose two outputs ... Microsoft](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042611/5aa368ee7f8b9ab4208e466b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cont’d…
� dual directional coupler
� Monitor forward and
reflected power at the
same time
� Obtaining data from a
device indicates the input
match
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1.3.2 Detectors
� Reliable, trouble free system
� heart of detector – diode
� Obtain maximum power transferred
� Filter – eliminate high frequency
ripple, allow dc at the output
www.hitechtech.com
www.anritsu.com
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Cont’d…
� Detector sensitivity curve
� RF power applied to the
detector’s input, another is the
DC output voltage.
� The DC voltage produced at the
output for a specific power
input – how much power
required to produce
certain voltage
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Cont’d…
� To control or to convert an RF signal to a DC
voltage for display purposes.
� Others
� Monitoring an RF line
� Leveled power – swept measurement
� View signals at certain frequencies:
�Eg: above 100MHz
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Cont’d…
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Cont’d…
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1.3.3 Mixers
� The frequencies is not the
one needed – too low or
too high
� To produce new
frequencies
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Cont’d…
� Configurations:
a. Single diode mixer
b. Balance diode mixer
c. Image rejection mixer
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Cont’d…
� Applications
� a receiver front end
� an up-converter in a transmitter
� a balanced modulator
� down convert signal for NF measurement
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1.3.4 Quadrature Hybrids
� a directional coupler whose two outputs equal in amplitude and separated from one another by a constant 90º phase.
http://www.webstore.com/T2OT6-Narda-Microwave-4035
http://www.rfglobalnet.com/doc.mvc
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Cont’d…
�Applications
� Mixer
� Matched detector
� RF and DC combination
� Combining amplifiers
� SPDT pin switch
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1.3.5 Circulators and
isolators
� Both use the unique
properties of ferrites in a
magnetic field
� Isolator passes signals in
one direction, attenuates
in the other
� Circulator passes input
from each port to the next
around the circle, not to
any other port
Circulator illustration
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Cont’d…
www.saisum.com
www.made-in-china.com
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Cont’d…
Circulator construction
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1.3.6 Attenuators
� To less the value
� To diminish the power of a
signal while keeping the
waveform of the signal intact.
An attenuator introduces a
known amount of loss when
functioning between two
resistive impedances: Input
Impedance, Zin and Output
Impedance, Zout
� Fixed, variable and pin
attenuators
http://article.wn.com
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Cont’d…
� Fixed attenuators
� Use in reducing voltage and in dissipating power
� Use in improving impedance matching
� Temperature compensation
� Measuring gain/loss of a device
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Cont’d…
� Variable attenuators
� Continuously attenuators
� Piston, variable card, T, variable coupler, low-loss
cut-off, lossy wall
� step attenuators
� pin attenuators
� Variable attenuator that provides either step or
continuous attenuation without the use of piston
etc – use pin diode
� Attenuation – this amount that by which the
input signal is decreased when the pin diodes are
fully biased (maximum current drawn)
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