chapter 1 introduction to computers. what is a computer? what is a computer? an electronic machine,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1Chapter 1Introduction to Introduction to
ComputersComputers
Chapter 1Chapter 1Introduction to Introduction to
ComputersComputers
![Page 2: Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers. What Is a Computer? What is a computer? An electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062417/5517ac9d55034645368b5e1d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What Is a Computer?
What is a computer?• An electronic machine,
operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory– accepts data– manipulates the data
according to specified rules
– produces results– stores the results for
future use
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DataCollection of raw
unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols
InformationData that is organized,
meaningful, and useful
What are data and information?
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What is a Computer?
Who is a user?• Someone that
communicates with a computer
• Someone who uses the information it generates
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SoftwareThe series of
instructions that tells the hardware
how to perform tasks
HardwareThe electric,
electronic, and mechanical equipment
that makes up a computer
What are hardware and software?
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InputAny data or
instructions you enter into a computer
OutputData that has
been processed into informationStorage
Area in a computer that can hold data
and information for future use
CommunicationThe capability of communicating
with other computers
What is the information processing cycle?
What is a Computer?Process
Manipulate the input (data) to
produce output (information)
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What are common computer hardware components?
printer
scanner
speakerPC camera
microphonedigital camera
system unit
keyboard
modem
speaker
monitor
mouse
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What is an input device?
• Any hardware component that allows a user to enter data and instructions into a computer
scanner
microphone
keyboard
mouse
PC camera
digital camera
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What is an output device?
• Any hardware component that can convey information to a user
printer
monitor speakers
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What is the system unit ?
• Sometimes called a chassis
• A box-like case made from metal or plastic that protects the internal electronic components of the computer from damage
• Circuitry in the system unit usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called the motherboard
hard disk drive
CD-RW drive
CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive
Zip® disk drive floppy
disk drive
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What is a chip?
• An electronic device that contains many microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents
Usually no bigger than one-half inch square
Packaged so it can be attached to a motherboard
processor chip packaging
memory chip
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What is a floppy disk?
• A thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in a plastic shell
• Insert and remove a floppy disk into and from a floppy disk drive
• A Zip® disk is a higher capacity disk
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What is a hard disk?
• Consists of several circular platters that store items electronically
• Disks are enclosed in an airtight, sealed case, which often is housed inside the system unit
• Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk
• Some hard disks are removable
removable hard disk
self-contained hard disk
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What is a compact disc?
• A flat, round portable medium that stores data using microscopic pits, which are created by a laser light – CD-ROM– CD-RW
• rewriteable CD
– DVD-ROM • tremendous storage
capacities
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What is a communications device?
• Enables computer users to communicate and to exchange items such as data, instructions, and information with another computer
• Allows you to establish a connection between two computers and transmit items over transmission media, such as cables, telephone lines, or satellites
modem
One type is a modem
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SpeedBillions of
operations can be carried out
in a single second
Why Is a Computer So Powerful?
What characteristics make a computer powerful?
Storage
Enormous amounts of data can be stored and
made available for processing anytime it is
needed
Reliability
Dependable because components have a low failure rate so
they produce consistent results
Accuracy
If data is entered correctly and program works properly, the results are error-free —
garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) accuracy of output depends on accuracy of
input
Communications
Two connected computers can share
stored data, instructions, and information