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Chapter 1 - Introduction This slide presentation is designed to be viewed as a Slide Show. If viewed as a Slide Show your will be able to observe the animation and you should have functional hyperlinks. When in the Slide Show view, click to advance the slide. If the presentation is working very slowly, you may want to save it to your computer and then run the show. I hope you find this presentation interesting.

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Remember September 11, 2001 When I originally created this presentation, it was shortly after Sept. 11. When I updated my slides, I couldnt delete these slides. I think we just have to remember! Click to advance slide

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God may give you mercy, but we will not! Senator John McCain

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COMPUTER LITERACY Knowing how to use a computer Knowledge and understanding of computers and how they are used in society

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What Is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Accepts data (Input) Manipulates Data (Processing) Produces information (Output) Information Processing Cycle

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D I Data are changed into Information (Facts)(Useful Form) Input Process Output StorageCommunications

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What is Green computing? Involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer Strategies include: Recycling Regulating manufacturing processes Extending the life of computers Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

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THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER Input Devices Output Devices System Unit contains Processing Devices CPU & Main Memory (RAM) Storage Devices Communications Devices InputProcessOutput Storage

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Input Process Output Storage Input Output Communications Input

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What is the system unit? Case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data system unit

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What are common components inside the system unit? Circuitry Processor Memory Adapter cards Sound card Modem card Video card Network card power supply ports drive bays processor memory sound card video card modem card network card

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What is the motherboard? Main circuit board in system unit Contains adapter cards, processor chips, and memory chips processor chip adapter cards memory chips memory slots motherboard Expansion slots for adapter cards

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What is storage? Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media Physical material on which data is stored Hard disks, CD &DVDs, flash media more Floppy disks (no more, obsolete!) Storage device The mechanism that retrieves & records (reads/writes) data to and from the storage media

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Types of storage media Hard disks, flash media, CDs & DVDs, floppy disks, others?

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What are communication devices? Hardware that enables a computer to send & receive data Modem Network card Transmission media Cables, telephone lines, radio networks, satellites and other? Check WebopediaWebopedia for a definition

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Why use a computer? Why is a computer so powerful? Speed Reliability Accuracy Storage Communications Close to the speed of light Low failure rate Process error free GIGO ! Total & instant recall Share resources: devices & data Garbage In Garbage Out

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What is Computer Software? Computer programs A series of instructions that tells the computer hardware how to perform tasks Two general categories of software Application Software System Software Operating system Utility program

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Systems Software Coordinates hardware and runs application software Operating system User interface Graphical user interface (GUI icons & menus) Microsoft Windows 98, ME & 2000, XP, Windows 7 Utility programs Help manage the computer, its devices & programs Examples include: Uninstall, format disks, add printers, etc.

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Application Software Performs specific tasks Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Graphics Many other tasks

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How do we obtain software? The operating system is usually bundled with the computer when purchased Some applications may be bundled with the computer Packaged software Custom software Shareware Freeware and public-domain software

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COMPUTER SOFTWARE Software Development Computer programmers Programming languages Visual Basic C++ Java Systems analyst Works with users & programmers to design programs

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What are the elements of an Information System? When System Analysts work with an information system they must consider all of the elements Hardware Software Data People Procedures

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What is a Network? A collection of computers & devices Sharing connected resources Hardware (often wireless) Software Data Local Area Network LAN Office & close buildings like a campus Wide Area Network WAN Large geographic area like to U Mary Fargo

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What is a server? A server manages the resources on a network Clients access the resources on the server

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What is the Internet? A worldwide collection of networks

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What is the Web? The World Wide Web is a service on or a part of the Internet Connects Web sites containing Web pages through a means of hyperlinks

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What is the Internet/Web used for? Internet uses: E-mail Accessing Information Shopping Meeting people social networking (Facebook) Entertainment Remember that the World Wide Web is one part/a service on the Internet Web browsers help navigate the WWW Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator

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What is social networking? A Web site that encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and videos with other registered users

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The Personal Computer category What are the Seven Categories of Computers? Desktop computers includes 1 Two popular architectures are: 1. PCs & 2. MACs (Apple)

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Can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself If the PC is not connected to another (host) computer It is said to be a stand alone computer PERSONAL COMPUTERS

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What is a Workstation? Tower Model A very powerful PC (desktop) used for intense calculations & graphic intensive applications (graphic art, desktop publishing, multimedia, etc.)

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1. Personal computers CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS Mobile Computers Notebook or laptop Tablet PC 2 Mobile Devices Smart Phones Digital cameras E-book readers Media players

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What is a Tablet PC? Useful for taking handwritten notes. Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen

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3 - Game Consoles? A mobile computer using handheld controllers as input devices. Surgeons hone skills using the Wii system.

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Mobile Computers Click on the blackberry above to start the video tobacco

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Mobile Computers Click the Smart Cards to view a video

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CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS Servers CControl the access to hardware, software, & data PProvide a centralized storage area 4 1. Personal computers 2. Mobile computers 3. Game Consoles

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Mainframe computers 1. Personal computers 2. Mobile computers 3. Game Consoles 5 4. Servers

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Than Servers VVery powerful & expensive CCan handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously Mainframe Computers are

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Fastest, most powerful computers Able to process more than one quadrillion instructions per second and growing! 1 quadrillion = 1,000 trillion 6 SUPERCOMPUTERS

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How fast are these supercomputers? FLOP = a floating point operation (I think it is a mathematical calculation of fractions.) I am going to think about one mathematical calculation. Kilo = 1,000 mathematical calculation per second Mega = 1,000,000 (a million) Giga = 1,000,000,000 (a billion; current PCs) Tera = 1,000,000,000,000 (a trillion) Peta = 1,000,000,000,000,000 (one quadrillion) Currently (July, 2011) a Japanese supercomputer running at 8 petaflops is the worlds fastest computer Lets try to understand the terminology used in the video (next slide).

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Click to view video

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7 - Embedded computers? A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Consumer Electronics Mobile and digital telephones Digital televisions Cameras Video recorders DVD players and recorders Answering machines Home Automation Devices Thermostats Sprinkling systems Security monitoring systems Appliances Lights Automobiles Antilock brakes Engine control modules Airbag controller Cruise control Process Controllers and Robotics Remote monitoring systems Power monitors Machine controllers Medical devices Computer Devices and Office Machines Keyboards Printers Faxes Copiers

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Examples of Computer Applications in Society p. 32-36 Figs. 1-361-43 Education Finance Government Healthcare Science Publishing Travel Industry

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Video: Computer History in a Barn CLICK TO START

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History of Computers Click on the rectangle above to start the video 300 computers in 140 seconds http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uudHO9PBGRc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uudHO9PBGRc back to resultsck to results

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Embedded Computers Click on the rectangle above to start the video Smart Dust Micro Computers 2:30 minute video

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Chapter 1 Complete