chapter 1 information systems overview. chapter objectives understand the term “information...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
220 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 1
Information Systems Overview
![Page 2: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Chapter Objectives
• Understand the term “information system” (IS),
• Describe the evolution of computing,
• Explain the technology, people, and organizational components of an IS
• Discuss how IS can be used to automate, informate, and strategically support business
• Describe IS’ critical, strategic importance to the success of modern organizations
![Page 3: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
InformationSystems
Software
Hardware Telecommunications
Data People
The Components of an Information System
![Page 4: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Information Systems Defined
Information systems are combinations of
hardware, software, and telecommunications networks
which
people build and use
to
collect, create, and distribute useful data,
typically in
organizational settings.
![Page 5: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Rapid Rise in the Development and Use of Technology
• The computer industry is characterized by rapid change
• The field has a high growth rate and vast revenues
• Technology is widely covered in both popular and business press
• Technology is critical to businesses today
![Page 6: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IS Past and Present
• The evolution in computing
• IS today
• Technology side of IS
• People side of IS
• Organizational side of IS
![Page 7: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The Evolution in Computing
• Mainframe era - 1950 to 1970
• Mini-computer era - 1960 to 1980
• Personal computing era - 1975 to 1985
• Interpersonal computing era - 1985 to 1990
• Internetworking era - 1990’s
![Page 8: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IS Today
• Encompasses a diverse range of computing and networking technologies
• Includes a variety of network capabilities• Includes a wide variety of peripherals• Allows users more responsibility for
management of the technology• Has increased professionalism of IS
positions
![Page 9: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Technology Side of IS
• Technology– Any mechanical and/or electrical means to
supplement or replace manual operations
• Information technology (IT)– Any use of machine technology that is
controlled by or uses information
• Information systems (IS) is a subset of IT
![Page 10: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The People Side of IS
• Those who develop, maintain, use, manage, and study information systems– IS professionals in organizations– IS consultants– Professors– Researchers
![Page 11: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Organizational Side of IS
• IS used by all types of organizations– Professional– Social– Religious– Educational– Governmental
![Page 12: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Dual Nature of Information Systems
• An Information System Gone Awry: Denver International Airport
• An Information System that Works: Federal Express
![Page 13: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Information Systems for Competitive Advantage
• Systems can be developed with a strategic intent
• To gain or sustain a competitive advantage
![Page 14: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
IS for Automating: The First Step
• View technology as a way to continue doing the same things
• Use technology to automate existing tasks
• Early stages of IS focused on automating
![Page 15: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IS for Informating: The Second Step
• View technology as a vehicle for organizational learning
• Use technology to provide information about operations
• Use technology to help detect problems with processes
• Use of technology without informating can make a bad process worse
![Page 16: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
IS as Strategic Enabler:The Final Step
• View technology as an enabler of organizational strategy
• Use technology to conduct strategic planning for an organization
• IS used to achieve organizational strategies
![Page 17: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
OverallLow-cost
LeadershipStrategy
BroadDifferentiation
Strategy
Lower cost Differentiation
FocusedLow-costStrategy
A Broad Rangeof Buyers
Marketwide
A ParticularBuyer Segmentor Market Niche
FocusedDifferentiation
Strategy
Type of CompetitiveAdvantage Being Pursued
Best-costproviderstrategy
Five Organizational StrategiesM
ark
et T
arge
t
![Page 18: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sources of Competitive Advantage
• Have the best product on the market• Deliver superior customer service• Achieve lower costs than rivals• Have a proprietary technology• Have shorter lead times to new products• Have a well-known brand name • Provide customers more value for their
money
![Page 19: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IS and Value Chain Analysis
• Value chain analysis– Studying an organization’s activities to
determine where value is added to a product or service
• Provides opportunities to add value to an organization
![Page 20: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
An Organizational Value Chain
PurchasedSuppliesInboundLogistics
Operations
Product R&D, Technology, and Systems Development
Human Resources Management
General Administration
OutboundLogistics
Sales andMarketing Service
![Page 21: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Role of Information Systems in Value Chain Analysis
• Automate activities along the value chain
• Improve the front end of the value chain– Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
• Improve the back end of the value chain– Service after the sale
![Page 22: Chapter 1 Information Systems Overview. Chapter Objectives Understand the term “information system” (IS), Describe the evolution of computing, Explain](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032523/56649d7f5503460f94a62058/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Technology/Strategy Fit
• Choose an IS that automates, informates, and matches the strategic plan
• Need two strategic plans tightly coupled– One for the overall organization– One for the Information System
• Make every technology decision a strategic decision