chapter 1 hazardous materials regulations , definitions and statistics

City of P igeon Forge F i re DepartmentD i v i s i o n o f Tr a i n i n g a n d C o n ti n u i n g E d u c a ti o n

Chapter 1

Hazardous Materials Regulations, Definitions and Statistics

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• Hazardous Materials Incident– Involves a substance that poses an

unreasonable risk to;• People• The environment• Property



• Hazardous Materials Incident– May involve a substance • Product or chemical

– Has been released from a container– Is on fire

– May be the result of • Accidental spill• Deliberate attack

– Terrorist attack



• First Responder Roles– Responders must meet specific training

standards• OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health

Administration)– 29 CFR 1910.120

» HAZWOPER • Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency

Response

• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)– Title 40 CFR311, Worker Protection



• First Responder Roles– Responders must meet specific training

standards• NFPA 471, Recommended Practice for Responding to

Hazardous Materials Incidents• NFPA 472, Standard for Professional Competence of

Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents

• NFPA 473, Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous

Materials Incidents



• Awareness Level– May be the first to arrive at a hazardous

materials incident– Must know basic hazards and response

information– Must be able to analyze the incident to

determine• Presence of hazardous materials • Notification process



• Awareness Level– OSHA and NFPA requirements• Individuals trained to awareness level are expected to

assume the following responsibilities– Recognize the presence or potential presence of a

hazardous material– Recognize the type of container at a site and identify the

material in it if possible– Transmit information to an appropriate authority and call

for appropriate assistance– Identify actions to protect themselves and others from hazards– Establish scene control by isolating/deny entry



• Operations Level– Individuals who respond to releases (or potential

releases) of hazardous materials as part of their normal duties

– Expected to protect individuals, the environment and property from the effects of the release• Using a defensive manner

– Confine the release from a safe distance



• Operations Level– OSHA and NFPA requirements• Individuals trained to operations level are expected to

assume the following responsibilities– Awareness level responsibilities– Identify the hazardous material(s) involved in an incident if

possible– Analyze an incident to determine the nature and extent of

problem– Protect themselves, nearby persons, the environment, and

property from the effects of a release



• Operations Level– OSHA and NFPA requirements• Individuals trained to operations level are expected to

assume the following responsibilities– Develop a defensive plan of action to address the problems

presented by the incident (plan a response)– Implement the planned response to control a release from a

safe distance» Initiate defensive actions to lessen the harmful incident

and keep it from spreading• Mitigation

– Evaluate the progress of the actions taken to ensure that response objectives are safely met



• Operations Level– Exceptions to the rule• Offensive tasks allowed for operations level

responders– Must have appropriate training– Must show / demonstrate competency – Appropriate PPE– Adequate / appropriate resources

• Sometimes referred to as– Operations Plus level of training



• Operations Level– Exceptions to the rule• Offensive operations involving flammable liquid and

gas fire control of the following materials:– Gasoline– Diesel fuel– Natural gas– Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)



• Regulations and Definitions – In the U.S., the four main agencies involved in

the regulation of hazardous materials and / or wastes at the federal level are• Department of Transportation (DOT)• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• Department of Labor (DOL)• Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)



• Regulations and Definitions – Department of Transportation (DOT)• Title 49 (Transportation) CFR

– Sometimes referred to as Hazardous Materials Regulations or HMR

• Address the transportation of hazardous materials in all modes:– Air– Highway– Pipeline– Rail– Water



• Regulations and Definitions – Department of Transportation (DOT)• Hazardous materials regulations purpose

– Provide adequate protection against the risks to life, property and the environment inherent in transporting hazardous materials



• Regulations and Definitions – Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• Responsible for researching and setting national

standards for a variety of environmental programs

• It delegates the responsibility for issuing permits, monitoring and enforcing compliance to states and tribes



• Regulations and Definitions – Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• Comprehensive Environmental Response,

Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)– Superfund Act

» Enacted by congress on December 11, 1980» Created a tax on chemical and petroleum industries» Provided broad federal authority to respond directly to

releases or threatened releases that endanger public health or environment




Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)– Superfund Act

» $1.6 billion dollars was collected over 5 years» Tax went to a trust fund and used for

• Cleaning up abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites




Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)– Established prohibitions and requirements concerning

closed and abandoned hazardous waste sites

– Provided for liability of persons responsible for releases of hazardous waste at these sites

– Established a trust fund to provide for cleanup when no responsible party could be identified



• Regulations and Definitions – Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

(SARA)– Amended CERCLA on October 17, 1986– Reflected the EPA’s experience in administering the

Superfund program




(SARA)– Stressed the importance of permanent remedies and

innovative treatment technologies in cleaning up hazardous waste sites

– Provided new enforcement authorities and settlement tools

– Increased the state involvement in every phase of the Superfund program




(SARA)– Increased the focus on human health problems posed by

hazardous waste sites

– Encouraged greater citizen participation in making decisions on how sites should be cleaned up

– Increased the size of the trust fund to $8.5 billon



• Regulations and Definitions – Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

• Environmental Protection and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)– Title III of SARA– Enacted by Congress

» Law designed to protect public health, safety, and the environment form chemical hazards

» Required each state to appoint a State Emergency Response Commission (SERC)• Emergency planning districts • Local emergency planning committee

• LEPC



• Regulations and Definitions – Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

– Gave EPA authority to control hazardous waste from the Cradle-to-the-Grave» Includes

• Generation• Transportation• Treatment • Storage• Disposal of hazardous waste



• Regulations and Definitions – Department of Labor (DOL)• Responsible for overseeing U.S. labor laws

– 1970 Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH)

– 1971 Occupational Safety and Health Administration was created (OSHA)» Oversee compliance with the Act under the jurisdiction

of the DOL



• Regulations and Definitions – Department of Labor (DOL)• Hazardous Communications Standard (HCS)

– Information about chemical hazards and associated protective measures is disseminated to workers » MSDS



• Regulations and Definitions – Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)• Regulates

– U.S. commercial nuclear power plants– Civilian use of nuclear materials – Possession, use, storage and transfer of radioactive

materials



• Regulations and Definitions – Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)• Includes

– Radiation dose limits for workers and members of the public

– Requirements for monitoring and labeling of radioactive materials

– Requirements for posting of radiation areas– Requirements for reporting the theft or loss of radioactive

materials– Tables of individual radionuclide exposure limits



• Emergency Response Centers– Centers staffed with experts who can provide 24-

hour assistance to emergency responders • U.S. has several non-governmental centers

– Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)» Established by the chemical industry

• Refer to your Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)– Contains a full list of emergency response centers and their

current telephone numbers



• Hazardous Materials Incident Statistics– Hazardous materials incidents • Not infrequent

• All emergency first responders will have to deal with a hazardous material sometime in their career

• So common that there are seven different U.S. government databases dedicated to tracking them



• Hazardous Materials Incident Statistics– Hazardous materials incidents • Many incidents occur while hazardous materials are

being transported– Majority occur while being transported via highway

• Fixed facilities– Pipeline accidents lead the list

» Crude oil



Works Cited“Hazardous Materials for First Responders” International Fire Service Training Association

3rd Edition 2004 Print

chapter 1 hazardous materials regulations , definitions and statistics

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