Chapter 1 Earth, Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and SunMoon, and SunSection 1 Earth in SpaceSection 1 Earth in Space

Section 1 – Earth in Space Section 1 – Earth in Space ObjectivesObjectives

After this lesson, you should be able After this lesson, you should be able to:to:– Identify the effects of Earth’s rotation Identify the effects of Earth’s rotation

and revolutionand revolution

– Explain what causes the seasonsExplain what causes the seasons

VocabVocab

1. astronomy1. astronomy

The study of the moon, stars, and The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space. other objects in space.

2. axis2. axis

An imaginary line that passes An imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and the North through Earth’s center and the North and South poles, about which Earth and South poles, about which Earth rotates.rotates.

3. rotation3. rotation

The spinning motion of a planet The spinning motion of a planet about its axis. about its axis.

4. revolution4. revolution

The movement of an object around The movement of an object around another object. another object.

5. orbit5. orbit

The path of an object as it revolves The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.around another object in space.

6. solstice6. solstice

The two days of the year on which The two days of the year on which the noon sun is directly overhead at the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23.5° South or 23.5° North.either 23.5° South or 23.5° North.

7. equinox7. equinox

The two days of the year on which The two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun. or away from the sun.

8. vernal equinox8. vernal equinox

The day of the year that marks the The day of the year that marks the beginning of spring in the Northern beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere.Hemisphere.

9. autumnal equinox9. autumnal equinox

The day of the year that marks the The day of the year that marks the beginning of fall in the Northern beginning of fall in the Northern Hemisphere.Hemisphere.

NotesNotes

1. Earth’s _________________ on its 1. Earth’s _________________ on its ______________________ causes night ______________________ causes night and dayand day

rotationaxis

2. A point on the equator rotates at 2. A point on the equator rotates at about _________ kilometers/hourabout _________ kilometers/hour1,600

3. Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 3. Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of ____________.____________.23.5

4. We have seasons because:4. We have seasons because:

Its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun.

5. The longest day of the year in the 5. The longest day of the year in the Northern hemisphere occurs on Northern hemisphere occurs on __________________________(longest period of day light)(longest period of day light), while , while the shortest day occurs onthe shortest day occurs on

________________. ________________. (shortest period of day light)(shortest period of day light)December 21

June 21

Chapter 1 Earth, Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and SunMoon, and SunSection 2 Earth in SpaceSection 2 Earth in Space

Section 2 – Phases, Eclipses, Section 2 – Phases, Eclipses, and Tides Objectivesand Tides Objectives

After this lesson, you should be able After this lesson, you should be able to:to:– Explain what causes the phases of the Explain what causes the phases of the

moonmoon

– Compare the causes of solar and lunar Compare the causes of solar and lunar eclipseseclipses

– Explain what causes the tidesExplain what causes the tides

VocabVocab

1. phase1. phase

One of the different shapes of the One of the different shapes of the moon as seen from Earth. moon as seen from Earth.

2. eclipse2. eclipse

The partial or total blocking of one The partial or total blocking of one object by another. object by another.

ADD to top of page. ADD to top of page.

solar eclipsesolar eclipse

The blocking of sunlight to Earth that The blocking of sunlight to Earth that occurs when the moon is between occurs when the moon is between the sun and Earth. the sun and Earth.

3. umbra3. umbra

The darkest part of a shadow.The darkest part of a shadow.

4. penumbra4. penumbra

The part of a shadow surrounding the The part of a shadow surrounding the darkest part. darkest part.

5. lunar eclipse5. lunar eclipse

The blocking of sunlight to the moon The blocking of sunlight to the moon that occurs when Earth is directly that occurs when Earth is directly between the sun and moon.between the sun and moon.

6. tide6. tide

The rise and fall of the level of water The rise and fall of the level of water in the ocean. in the ocean.

7. gravity7. gravity

The attractive force between two The attractive force between two objects; its magnitude depends on objects; its magnitude depends on their masses and the distance their masses and the distance between them.between them.

8. spring tide8. spring tide

A tide with the greatest difference A tide with the greatest difference between low and high tides.between low and high tides.

9. neap tide9. neap tide

A tide with the least difference A tide with the least difference between low and high tides. between low and high tides.

NotesNotes

1. The positions of the _______, 1. The positions of the _______, __________, and the _________ __________, and the _________

cause the __________________, cause the __________________,

______________, and _________.______________, and _________.

moonEarth sun

phases of the mooneclipses tides

2. The ___________ of the moon you 2. The ___________ of the moon you see depends on how much of the see depends on how much of the _________________ of the moon faces _________________ of the moon faces Earth.Earth.

phase

Sunlit side

3. When the _________________ 3. When the _________________ shadow hits Earth or the Earth’s shadow hits Earth or the Earth’s _____________ hits the _______________, _____________ hits the _______________, an ______________ occurs.an ______________ occurs.

Moon’s

shadowmoon

eclipse

4. Lunar eclipses only occur during a 4. Lunar eclipses only occur during a _________ _________._________ _________.full moon

5. __________ occur mainly because of 5. __________ occur mainly because of the differences in how much the the differences in how much the __________ pulls on different parts of __________ pulls on different parts of the Earth.the Earth.

Tides

moon

6. An ________________ is a strip of 6. An ________________ is a strip of land that is under water at high tide land that is under water at high tide and dry land at low tide.and dry land at low tide.

Intertidal zone

Chapter 1 Earth, Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and SunMoon, and SunSection 3 Rockets and Section 3 Rockets and

SatellitesSatellites

Section 3 – Rockets and Section 3 – Rockets and Satellites ObjectivesSatellites Objectives

After this lesson, you should be able After this lesson, you should be able to:to:

– Explain how rockets travel in spaceExplain how rockets travel in space

– Describe what satellites and space Describe what satellites and space stations are used forstations are used for

1. satellite1. satellite

Any object that revolves around Any object that revolves around another object in space.another object in space.

2. geosynchronous orbit2. geosynchronous orbit

The orbit of a satellite that revolves The orbit of a satellite that revolves around Earth at the same rate that around Earth at the same rate that Earth rotates. Earth rotates.

1. _____________ was the first artificial 1. _____________ was the first artificial satellite launched in to orbit.satellite launched in to orbit.

Sputnik 1

2. ____________________became the 2. ____________________became the first human launched into space on first human launched into space on _______________________._______________________.

Yuri Gagarin

April 12, 1961

3. Four uses for satellites and space 3. Four uses for satellites and space stations:stations:

A.A.

B.B.

C.C.

DD

communication

navigation

collect weather data

research

4. The first Space Shuttle was 4. The first Space Shuttle was launched in ________________.launched in ________________.1981

Chapter 1 Earth, Chapter 1 Earth, Moon, and SunMoon, and SunSection 4 Earth’s MoonSection 4 Earth’s Moon

Section 4 – Earth’s Moon Section 4 – Earth’s Moon ObjectivesObjectives

After this lesson, you should be able After this lesson, you should be able to:to:

– Describe features of the moon’s surfaceDescribe features of the moon’s surface

– Explain what scientists learned about Explain what scientists learned about the moon from space explorationthe moon from space exploration

– Describe the origin and structure of the Describe the origin and structure of the moon.moon.

1. telescope1. telescope

A device built to study distant objects A device built to study distant objects by making them appear closer.by making them appear closer.

2. crater2. crater

A round pit on the moon’s surface.A round pit on the moon’s surface.

3. maria3. maria

Dark, flat regions on the moon’s Dark, flat regions on the moon’s surface.surface.

NotesNotes

1. The moon’s gravity is only about 1. The moon’s gravity is only about ___________ as strong’s as Earth’s.___________ as strong’s as Earth’s.One-sixth

2. The moon is ________ kilometers in 2. The moon is ________ kilometers in diameter –a little less than the diameter –a little less than the distance across the distance across the __________________.__________________.

3,476

United States

3. Three features of the moon 3. Three features of the moon include _________________, include _________________, _______________, and _______________, and _____________________._____________________.

craters

highlandsmaria (each one is a “mare”)

4. _______________ was the first man 4. _______________ was the first man to walk the moon.to walk the moon.

Neil Armstrong