Chapter 1Chapter 1Abnormal Psychology:

Past and Present

Defining Psychological Abnormality and Treatment

• ______ - different, extreme, or unusual (thoughts, feelings, or behaviors)

• ______ - unpleasant and upsetting to the person

• ________ - interferes with ability to function

• _____ - to oneself or others

Causes of Abnormality

____________ genetic inheritance

medical conditions

______________________

exposure to environmental stimuli

____________ _____________________________

learned associations

__________________________

faulty ways of thinking

_____________ disturbances in _____________________

problems in extended relationships

_________________________________

discrimination toward one’s social group

Biopsychosocial Perspective

Diathesis-Stress Model:

people are born with a predisposition (or “__________”) that places them at risk for developing a psychological disorder if exposed to certain extremely stressful life experiences.

Three prominent themes in explaining psychological disorders recur throughout

history:

• The mystical

• The scientific

• The humanitarian

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How Was Abnormality Viewed and Treated in the Past?

• Ancient Views– caused by ________– treated through _____________________

• Greek and Roman Views – disease caused by ___________: imbalance of humors (fluids in

the body)– warm and supportive atmosphere

• Europe in the Middle Ages: Demonology Returns– conflict between _______– mass madness– physical abuse in order to _______________– ________________

• The Renaissance and the Rise of Asylums– Johann Weyer (founder of ________________)– more humane treatment– asylums were established (eventually turned into filthy places)

• The Nineteenth Century: Reform and Moral Treatment – ___________: emphasized moral guidance and humane

techniques– Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix in US– ________________; not everyone could be cured with these

techniques

• The Early Twentieth Century: The Somatogenic and Psychogenic Perspectives– _________:

• biological discoveries linked mental health symptoms to physical factors

• lobotomies & tooth extraction were not successful techniques

– ________• Mesmer: treated patients with _________• ______: psychoanalysis

• Current trends– (1950s)

• psychotropic medications• _____________________• health insurance • other mental health professionals

Research Methods

independent variable

(the possible cause)

dependent variable

(the outcome measured)

Experiment Experiment

CorrelationCorrelation

an association (or co-relation) between two variables.

The Survey Method gather information from a sample considered representative

of a particular population

______________:The frequency of new cases within a given time period.

________________:The number of people who ever had a disorder or the total number of cases at a given time.

• The Case Study Method – _______________ of an individual or small group

• Single-Subject Design –experiment conducted on _______________________