Chapter 1Chapter 1

A Preview of the CellA Preview of the Cell

The Discovery of Cells • Robert Hooke (1665), English microscopist

(Curator of the Royal Society)– Cellula ： little room (30X)

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1665-1675), Dutch seller of clothes & buttons –he ground lenses & made microscopes of remarkable quality (300X)– First to observe the living cells

• Blood cells 、 sperm cells 、 bacteria 、 algae and protozoa

Cell Theory

• Schwann in 1839

– All organisms consist of one or more cells

– The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms.

• Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist (1855)

– All cells arise only from preexisting cells

The Emergence of Modern Cell Biology

• The cytological strand deals with cellular structure.

• The biochemical strand covers the chemistry of biological structure and function

• The genetic strand focuses on information flow.

The cytological strand deals with cellular structure

• The light microscope

• Visualization of living cells

• The electron microscope

The Light Microscope

• many types

– bright-field microscope (亮視野 )

– dark-field microscope (暗視野 )

– phase-contrast microscope (相位差 )

– fluorescence microscopes (螢光 )

• are compound microscopes (複式 )

– image formed by action of 2 lenses

Differential Interference Contrast Microsocopy

• 分散干擾位差顯微鏡• DIC：應用折射率不同的原理

–使用兩束光–菱鏡使每束光散裂，因而增加標本之對比

Electron Microscopy

• Scanning Electron Microscope

• Transmission electron microscopy

Confocal Microscopy

• confocal scanning laser microscope

• laser beam used to illuminate spots on specimen

• computer compiles images created from each point to generate a 3-dimensional image

The biochemical strand covers the chemistry of biological structure and

function

• Subcellular fractionation

– Ultracentrifuge

• Chromatography(層析儀 )

• Electophoresis (電泳 )

• Mass spectrometry (質譜儀 )

– Proteomics

The genetic strand focuses on information flow

• Chromosomes

• DNA sequencing

• Bioinformatics