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Introduction to Industrial

Safety and Health IssuesCHAPTER 1

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Introduction

• Accident –Undesired circumstances whichgive rise to ill-health or injury, damage to

 property, plant, products or the environment;

 production losses or increased liabilities.• Incident –Undesired circumstances and ‘  near

misses’   which could cause accidents.

• Ill health – Acute and chronic ill healthcaused by physical, chemical or biologicalagents as well as adverse efects on mentalhealth.

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Introduction

• Hazard – The potential to cause harm. Harmincluding ill health and injury, damage to

 property, plant, products or the environment,

 production losses or increased liabilities.• Risk- eans the li!elihood that a speci"ed

undesired event will occur due to therealisation o# a ha$ard by, or during wor!

activities or by the products and servicescreated by wor! activities.

• Safety- The ‘control o# accidental loss’  .

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OSH Concept

Hazard/ Danger %bservable or predicted#rom !nowledge 

Risk &ot directly observable - probabilityo# harm to system elements beingrealised #rom e'posure to ha$ardsand danger.

  Harm(amage to system elements - longor short term 

Accidents

  )njuries, )ll Health and(amage 

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Reasons for Preentin! Accidents

• Moral / Humane- &o-one comes to wor!to be injured or !illed

• Cost - Accidents cost or!anisations"oney.

• egislation - %rganisations have a legal

obligation.

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Accidents at #or$place in %alaysia

Source& ###.dosh.co"."

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Statistics of #or$place accident 'States(

Source& ###.dosh.co"."

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Recent Accident

Source& ###.dosh.co"."y

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)ri!ht Spar$les Tra!edy

• * %ay 1++1

• )ri!ht Spar$les Sdn )hd

• E,plosion of - tons of sulfur

• /Hiroshi"a S! )uloh0

• The incident $illed -- people andinured 12 others

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)ri!ht Spar$les cont3d

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4lo# Chart of Occupational Safety

and Health in %alaysia

5oern"ent of %alaysia

%inistry of Hu"an Resources

6epart"ent of Occupational Safety and Health

7IOSH OSHA

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Responsi8ility of 6OSHSTA76AR6 SETTI75

• The standards on safety9 health9 and #elfare had to 8e reie#ed9 drafted9and :nalised fro" ti"e to ti"e. This ensured that the prepared standards#ere releant to the safety and health conditions of the #or$place.

a! "olicy Study• Studies on e,istin! OSH policies #ere conducted fro" ti"e to ti"e to assess

the e,tent to #hich these policies had achieed their ori!inal o8ecties.Chan!es #ould 8e "ade9 if necessary9 to ensure that the !oals and thepractice of selfre!ulation a"on! e"ployers and e"ployees #ere achieed.

#! Drafting Regulations$ %uidelines$ and Industrial Codes of "ractice

• The 6epart"ent had and currently in the process of a"endin! the ne#industrial Re!ulations9 Codes of Practice9 and 5uidelines. This #as intendedto assist the industry in co"plyin! #ith and ful:llin! its responsi8ilities as ane"ployer9 as re;uired 8y the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1++<.

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Responsi8ility of 6OSH cont3d

 The 6epart"ent carried outenforce"ent actiities ai"edat ensurin! the safety9 health9and #elfare of #or$ers andother persons fro" the ha=ards

of #or$ actiities9 as re;uiredunder the follo#in! Acts&

• Occupational Safety andHealth Act 1++< 'Act >1<(

• 4actories and %achinery Act

1+?* 'Act 12+(@ and

• Petroleu" 'Safety %easures(Act 1+< 'Act 2-(.

&nforcement acti'itiesthat (ere carried out #yD)SH include*

a! A++ro'al and

Authorization

#! Registration

c! Certi,cation

d! Ins+ection

e! In'estigation

f! itigation

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7IOSH

• 7ational Institute of Occupational Safety andHealth

• The responsi8ilities are as follo#s&

• Proide trainin!

• Proide E,a"ination

• Infor"ation Serices

• Research and 6eelop"ent

• Consultation

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Application of OSHA• %anufacturin!

• %inin! and Buarryin!

• Construction

• A!riculture9

• 4orestry and 4ishin!

• tilities

• Dholesale and Retail Trades

• inance

• Insurance

• .rans+ort$ Storage and

Communication

• Hotels and Restaurants

• Real &state andusiness Ser'ice

Sector

• "u#lic Ser'ice andStatutory Authorities

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Scope of OSHA

Includes all #or$in! personnel e,cept&

• Ar"ed 4orces

• Cre# of %erchant Ships

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O8ecties of OSHA

• To secure the safety9 health and#elfare of persons at #or$ a!ainstris$s to safety or health arisin! out of

the actiities of persons at #or$

• To protect persons at a place of #or$other than persons at #or$ a!ainst ris$

to safety or health arisin! out of theactiities of persons at #or$s

P l d i t id

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People doin! stupidthin!s