chapter 07 4th ed gender&age

8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age

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SOCIOLINGUISTICS

NAME : Trito Junus Victor Tiala

NIM : 1221150902

NAME : Reisa Hutagalung

NIM : 1321150004


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EN!ER AN! AE


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Gender and Age

The terms sex and gender rather than sex has come to refer to categories

distinguished by biological characteristics, while gender is more appropriate

for distinguishing people on the basis of their socio-cultural behaviour,

including speech.

Gender in sosiolinguistics and other social sciences, sexual identity in

relation to culture and society. The ways in which words are used can both

reflect and reinforce social attitudes toward gender.

The age pattern is a typical sociolinguistic pattern based on the age of a

speaker. It describes a characteristic type of age-graded linguistic variation and

describes change in the speech behaviour of individual speakers as they get

older.


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Gender – xclusive !peech "ifferences # $ighly !tructured

%ommunities

&omen and men do not speak in exactly the same way as each other in any

community.

!pouses speak different languages because they must marry out of tribe and

each tribe has its own language.


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Gender – 'referential !peech (eatures # !ocial "ialect )esearch

women and men do not use competely different forms.

&omen tend to use more of the standard forms than me do , while men use more

of the vernacular forms than men do.

&omen and men use particular forms, one gender shows a greater preference forthem than the other


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Gender and !ocial %lass

The speech of women and men in Western communities are ussually

features which also distinguish the speech of people from diffrent social

class.In every social class men use more vernacular forms than women.


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Preference for Vernacular

Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%1.


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&'planations for the difference in

language use (y gender The social status e'planation

Women)s role as guardian of society)s

values *u(ordinate groups must (e polite

+ernacular form e'press machismo

Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%!

1%-.


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The social status e'planation

"o#en use #ore stan$ar$ s%eec&'or#s t&an #en (ecause t&e) *ant tclai# social status+ es%eciall) t&ose*&o $o not &a,e %ai$ e#%lo)#ent-

.ounter/argu#ent

In A#erican stu$) co#%aring t&e s%eec&

o' *o#en in ser,ice o%eration an$ t&ato' *o#en *oring in t&e &o#e+ *o#enin %ai$ occu%ations use #ore stan$ar$'or#s-Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%!.


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Women)s role as guardian of

society)s values*ociety tends to e'pect (etter) (ehaviourfrom women than from men. Thereforethey serve as role models for children)s

speech.

/ounterargument

Interactions (etween a mother and herchild are liely to (e very rela'ed andinformal, and vernacular forms rather thanstandard forms are used.

Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%.


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*u(ordinate groups must (e polite

Women as a su(ordinate group must

spea carefully and politely, and therefore

tend to use more standard forms.

/ounterargument

$olite speech does not necessarily euatestandard speech.

Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%%.


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+ernacular forms e'press machismo

3en prefer vernacular forms (ecause they

carry macho connotation of masculinity

and toughness.

Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%-.


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*ome alternative e'planations

How women are categorised4

The influence of the interviewer and the

conte't



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How women are

categorised?Researc&ers in earl) social $ialectstu$ies o'ten use$ t&e *o#ens&us(an$s occu%ation as t&eir #aorcriterion- T&ere'ore#iscategorisation o'ten occurre$ an$t&at e%laine$ t&e s%eec& (e&a,iour

o' t&e *o#en-



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The influence of the interviewer and

the conte't T&e inter,ie*er as a #i$$le/class

*ell/e$ucate$ aca$e#ic

T&e inter,ie*er as #an T&e 'or#al contet



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Women's and Men's Idle Talk 1

Women

7Its overall function for women is to affirmsolidarity and maintain the socialrelationships (etween the women involved.8

7Women9s gossip focuses predominantly onpersonal e'periences and personalrelationships, on personal pro(lems andfeelings. It may include criticism of the

(ehaviour of others, (ut women tend to avoidcritici:ing people directly (ecause this wouldcause discomfort.8

Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%.


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Women's and Men's Idle Talk 2

Men

7The male euivalent of women9s gossip is

difficult to identify. In parallel situations the

topics men discuss tend to focus on thingsand activities, rather than personal

e'periences and feelings. Topics lie sport,

cars, and possessions turn up regularly.

The focus is on information and facts ratherthan on feelings and reactions.8

Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1-.


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THAN 67

chapter 07 4th ed gender&age

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