chapter 01 introduction.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
By : By : NOVIA RITA, NOVIA RITA, ST. ST. MT MT
Kontrak penilaian Kontrak penilaian matakuliahmatakuliah
AbsensiAbsensi : 10 %: 10 %
TugasTugas : 20 %: 20 %
QuisQuis : 15 %: 15 %
UTSUTS : 25 %: 25 %
UASUAS : 30 %: 30 %
Range Penilaian:
A >= 78
B >= 68
C >= 58
D <= 57
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
By : By : NOVIA RITA, NOVIA RITA, ST. ST. MT MT
•General
•Immiscible Displacement
•Miscible Displacement
•Chemical Recovery
•Thermal Recovery
•Microbial Recovery
•Factors Affecting EOR
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• Enhanced Oil Recovery is a means of producing oil with the introduction of external fluids,substances and energy into the oil reservoir
• Fluids,substances:water, steam, chemical, microbes
• Energy: mechanic, thermal or combination of the two
Introduction
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• EOR: Immiscible DisplacementMiscible DisplacementThermal RecoveryChemical RecoveryMicrobial EORVibro Seismic
Introduction
MEKANISME PENGURASAN HIDROKARBONMEKANISME PENGURASAN HIDROKARBON
PENGURASAN PRIMER(PRIMARY RECOVERY)
ATAU PENGURASANSECARA ILMIAH
PENGURASANTAHAP KE-2
(SECONDARYRECOVERY)
PENGURASAN TAHAP KE-3(TERTIARY RECOVERY)ATAUENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
(EOR) ATAU TEKNIKPRODUKSI LANJUT
INJEKSITERCAMPUR
(MISCIBLEFLOODING)
HYDROKARBON
MISCIBLE
CARBONDIOXIDE
(CO2)
NITROGEN
INJEKSIPANAS
(THERMALFLOODING)
STEAMFLOODING
INSITUCOMBUTION
INJEKSIKIMIA
(CHEMICALFLOODING)
POLYMER
SURFACTANT
MICELLARPOLYMER
ALKALINE
INJEKSI AIR(WATER
FLOODING)
INJEKSI GASIMMISCIBLE
GASINJEKTION
CONVENTIONAL RECOVERY
Perolehan minyak total akibat EOR merupakan gabungan antara faktor2 makroskopik, mikroskopik dan juga heterogenitas reservoir. Secara kuantitatif, efisiensi perolehan minyak total akibat EOR (ETOTAL) dapat dinyatakan sbb:
ETOTAL = EA x EV x ED
di mana: EA = efisiensi penyapuan areal (makroskopik)
EV = efisiensi penyapuan vertikal (dipengaruhi heterogenitas lapisan)
ED = efisiensi pendesakan (mikroskopik, skala pori)
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• Objective of EOR: to improve oil recovery by considering the economics
• The most known EOR: Waterflood (gives oil recovery as much as 30% of initial reserve)
Introduction
RESERVOIR
Injection Well Production Well
FLUIDA atauFLUIDA + BAHAN KIMIA atau GAS
MINYAK
SUMUR INJEKSI
SUMUR PRODUKSI
RESERVOIR
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• Immiscible displacement: injection of fluid that is immiscible with oil
• Immiscible displacement:Water, Gas (Hydrocarbon, CO2, Nitrogen, Air)
Immiscible Displacement
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• Injection of fluid which is miscible with oil
• Displacement fluids:hydrocarbon solvent, CO2, Flue Gas, N2
Miscible Displacement
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
•Surfactant: – mixture of polymer, alcohol, sulfonate– reduce interfacial tension– reduce capillary pressure– increase microscopic displacement
efficiency
Chemical
InjectionWell
WaterInjection
Pump
Separation andStorage Facilities
Production Well
1 2Oil Zone Surfactant
4 13 2
3 Polymer Solution 4 Drive Water
SurfactantSolution fromMixing Plant
• Prinsip Kerja
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• Polymer:– Improving water-oil mobility ratio – Increasing Sweep Efficiency (ES) -
Macroscopic– Often used in combination with surfactant
• Most widely used polymer in EOR:– Polyacyrlamide:artificial, flexible– Polysaccharide:fermentation, rigid, effective
for reservoir with high viscosity oil
Chemical
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• Alkaline:– Increase pH until 11 – 12– Could reduce interfacial tension to 0.01
dyne/cm– NaOH in water: 0.05 – 0.2% (500 – 2000
ppm)
Chemical
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• Thermal recovery is a process to improve oil recovery by introducing heat to the oil reservoir so the oil viscosity will be reduced or oil phase changes into vapor phase
• Thermal recovery:– Hot – water flood– Steam processes– In situ combustion
Thermal
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• Steam processes:– Cyclic Steam Stimulation (Huff ’n’ Puff)– Steam Drive (Steam Flood)
• In Situ Combustion:– Injecting air and burn some oil– Reducing oil viscosity, changing oil into
vapor phase, and displacing with combination of steam, hot water and gas
Thermal
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• MEOR is a process to improve oil recovery by using microbes
• Microbe characteristics:– Able to live in high pressure and high temperature– Anaerobe– Able to live in low pH and high salinity– Able to live in less nutrition environment– Able to use Hydrocarbon as nutrition source
Microbial EOR
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• MEOR mechanism:– Producing acid
• dissolve rock matrix so that will increase porosity and permeability
– Producing gas (basically similar with CO2 flood)
– Producing solvent (ethanol, butanol, acetone, isopropanol)• miscible with oil, and reducing oil viscosity and
giving better mobility ratio.
Microbial EOR
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
• MEOR mechanism:– Producing surfactant
• basically similar with surfactant flood
– Selective plugging– Producing polymer
• reducing water mobility and able to control water mobility by increasing water viscosity
Microbial EOR
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
» Wettability» Petrophysical properties» Rock type» Oil type» P & T of the reservoir» Reservoir driving mechanism» Formation water salinity» Heterogenity» Present Oil Saturation» Remaining Oil Reserves» Reservoir Dip» Economics
Factors Affecting EOR
Summary of Screening Criteria for Enhanced Summary of Screening Criteria for Enhanced Recovery MethodsRecovery Methods
Preferred Oil Viscosity ranges for Enhanced Preferred Oil Viscosity ranges for Enhanced Recovery Methods Recovery Methods
Permeability Guides for Enhanced Recovery Permeability Guides for Enhanced Recovery Methods Methods
Depth Limitation for Enhanced Recovery Methods Depth Limitation for Enhanced Recovery Methods
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
THANK YOU THANK YOU