chapter 01 introduction.ppt

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ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY By : By : NOVIA RITA, NOVIA RITA, ST. ST. MT MT Kontrak penilaian Kontrak penilaian matakuliah matakuliah Absensi Absensi : 10 % : 10 % Tugas Tugas : 20 % : 20 % Quis Quis : 15 % : 15 % UTS UTS : 25 % : 25 % UAS UAS : 30 % : 30 % Range Penilaian: A >= 78 B >= 68 C >= 58 D <= 57

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Page 1: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

By : By : NOVIA RITA, NOVIA RITA, ST. ST. MT MT

Kontrak penilaian Kontrak penilaian matakuliahmatakuliah

AbsensiAbsensi : 10 %: 10 %

TugasTugas : 20 %: 20 %

QuisQuis : 15 %: 15 %

UTSUTS : 25 %: 25 %

UASUAS : 30 %: 30 %

Range Penilaian:

A >= 78

B >= 68

C >= 58

D <= 57

Page 2: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

By : By : NOVIA RITA, NOVIA RITA, ST. ST. MT MT

•General

•Immiscible Displacement

•Miscible Displacement

•Chemical Recovery

•Thermal Recovery

•Microbial Recovery

•Factors Affecting EOR

Page 3: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• Enhanced Oil Recovery is a means of producing oil with the introduction of external fluids,substances and energy into the oil reservoir

• Fluids,substances:water, steam, chemical, microbes

• Energy: mechanic, thermal or combination of the two

Introduction

Page 4: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• EOR: Immiscible DisplacementMiscible DisplacementThermal RecoveryChemical RecoveryMicrobial EORVibro Seismic

Introduction

Page 5: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

MEKANISME PENGURASAN HIDROKARBONMEKANISME PENGURASAN HIDROKARBON

PENGURASAN PRIMER(PRIMARY RECOVERY)

ATAU PENGURASANSECARA ILMIAH

PENGURASANTAHAP KE-2

(SECONDARYRECOVERY)

PENGURASAN TAHAP KE-3(TERTIARY RECOVERY)ATAUENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

(EOR) ATAU TEKNIKPRODUKSI LANJUT

INJEKSITERCAMPUR

(MISCIBLEFLOODING)

HYDROKARBON

MISCIBLE

CARBONDIOXIDE

(CO2)

NITROGEN

INJEKSIPANAS

(THERMALFLOODING)

STEAMFLOODING

INSITUCOMBUTION

INJEKSIKIMIA

(CHEMICALFLOODING)

POLYMER

SURFACTANT

MICELLARPOLYMER

ALKALINE

INJEKSI AIR(WATER

FLOODING)

INJEKSI GASIMMISCIBLE

GASINJEKTION

CONVENTIONAL RECOVERY

Page 6: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt
Page 7: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

Perolehan minyak total akibat EOR merupakan gabungan antara faktor2 makroskopik, mikroskopik dan juga heterogenitas reservoir. Secara kuantitatif, efisiensi perolehan minyak total akibat EOR (ETOTAL) dapat dinyatakan sbb: 

ETOTAL = EA x EV x ED

di mana: EA = efisiensi penyapuan areal (makroskopik)

EV = efisiensi penyapuan vertikal (dipengaruhi heterogenitas lapisan)

ED = efisiensi pendesakan (mikroskopik, skala pori)

Page 8: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• Objective of EOR: to improve oil recovery by considering the economics

• The most known EOR: Waterflood (gives oil recovery as much as 30% of initial reserve)

Introduction

Page 9: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

RESERVOIR

Injection Well Production Well

FLUIDA atauFLUIDA + BAHAN KIMIA atau GAS

MINYAK

Page 10: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

SUMUR INJEKSI

SUMUR PRODUKSI

RESERVOIR

Page 11: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• Immiscible displacement: injection of fluid that is immiscible with oil

• Immiscible displacement:Water, Gas (Hydrocarbon, CO2, Nitrogen, Air)

Immiscible Displacement

Page 12: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt
Page 13: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• Injection of fluid which is miscible with oil

• Displacement fluids:hydrocarbon solvent, CO2, Flue Gas, N2

Miscible Displacement

Page 14: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt
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ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

•Surfactant: – mixture of polymer, alcohol, sulfonate– reduce interfacial tension– reduce capillary pressure– increase microscopic displacement

efficiency

Chemical

Page 16: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

InjectionWell

WaterInjection

Pump

Separation andStorage Facilities

Production Well

1 2Oil Zone Surfactant

4 13 2

3 Polymer Solution 4 Drive Water

SurfactantSolution fromMixing Plant

• Prinsip Kerja

Page 17: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• Polymer:– Improving water-oil mobility ratio – Increasing Sweep Efficiency (ES) -

Macroscopic– Often used in combination with surfactant

• Most widely used polymer in EOR:– Polyacyrlamide:artificial, flexible– Polysaccharide:fermentation, rigid, effective

for reservoir with high viscosity oil

Chemical

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ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• Alkaline:– Increase pH until 11 – 12– Could reduce interfacial tension to 0.01

dyne/cm– NaOH in water: 0.05 – 0.2% (500 – 2000

ppm)

Chemical

Page 20: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• Thermal recovery is a process to improve oil recovery by introducing heat to the oil reservoir so the oil viscosity will be reduced or oil phase changes into vapor phase

• Thermal recovery:– Hot – water flood– Steam processes– In situ combustion

Thermal

Page 21: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• Steam processes:– Cyclic Steam Stimulation (Huff ’n’ Puff)– Steam Drive (Steam Flood)

• In Situ Combustion:– Injecting air and burn some oil– Reducing oil viscosity, changing oil into

vapor phase, and displacing with combination of steam, hot water and gas

Thermal

Page 22: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• MEOR is a process to improve oil recovery by using microbes

• Microbe characteristics:– Able to live in high pressure and high temperature– Anaerobe– Able to live in low pH and high salinity– Able to live in less nutrition environment– Able to use Hydrocarbon as nutrition source

Microbial EOR

Page 23: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• MEOR mechanism:– Producing acid

• dissolve rock matrix so that will increase porosity and permeability

– Producing gas (basically similar with CO2 flood)

– Producing solvent (ethanol, butanol, acetone, isopropanol)• miscible with oil, and reducing oil viscosity and

giving better mobility ratio.

Microbial EOR

Page 24: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

• MEOR mechanism:– Producing surfactant

• basically similar with surfactant flood

– Selective plugging– Producing polymer

• reducing water mobility and able to control water mobility by increasing water viscosity

Microbial EOR

Page 25: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

» Wettability» Petrophysical properties» Rock type» Oil type» P & T of the reservoir» Reservoir driving mechanism» Formation water salinity» Heterogenity» Present Oil Saturation» Remaining Oil Reserves» Reservoir Dip» Economics

Factors Affecting EOR

Page 26: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

Summary of Screening Criteria for Enhanced Summary of Screening Criteria for Enhanced Recovery MethodsRecovery Methods

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Preferred Oil Viscosity ranges for Enhanced Preferred Oil Viscosity ranges for Enhanced Recovery Methods Recovery Methods

Page 28: CHAPTER 01 INTRODUCTION.ppt

Permeability Guides for Enhanced Recovery Permeability Guides for Enhanced Recovery Methods Methods

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Depth Limitation for Enhanced Recovery Methods Depth Limitation for Enhanced Recovery Methods

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ENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERYENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

THANK YOU THANK YOU