Chap. 5

treaty•Land grants, protected

Californios•Gold Rush 1849

•$$$▫Cattle, etc.

PROBLEMS•1851: Gwin Act

•Avg.: 17 yrs.

•Costs?

SQUATTERS •Barred owners•Power?

•Drought 1860s

•Economic -

•“Foreigners”•++ Anglos

•- political power

•Santa Barbara

CONFLICT •North vs. South

•“States” Rights

•Bottom line?

CA•Slaves in CA•Free Blacks

▫1860: 4k, largest west

•Bridget Mason

•Abolitionists

•Laws▫No voting▫Intermarriage▫Testify court

WAR•Majority loyal

•Volunteers ▫Latinos

•Promote Union

•$$$

TRANSCONTINENTAL•Central+Union

•Idea man: T. Judah

•Chinese workers•Sierra Nevada•“Chinaman’s Chance”

UNION PACIFIC

•Irish, Mormon workers

Promontory, Utah, 1869

SOUTHERN PACIFIC•Largest land

owner

ETHNICITY, RACE•Intriguing, fluid

•Californios

L.A. Sherriff Tomás Sánchez, Californio

Mayor (1850) Ygnacio del Valle.

Reginaldo del Valle

•Post-rush

•“Colored”

•Hostile, violent

LAWS•$$$•Mexicans, Chinese

•1870: segregated schools

CHINESE•Gum Saan

•Passage: Credit-ticket

•People v. Hall (1854)▫Legally “Indians”

COMMUNITIES•Stores, restaurants

•Tongs▫1852: Kwang-tek-tong

•Leisure

EXCLUSION•1882: Chinese

DEPRESSION•1892-1897

•Anti-Chinese riots

JAPANESE•1885

•Agriculture

•Discrim.

•Removal

TREATY•Cede claims, hostilities

•“Reservation”▫Supplies, cattle▫7.5% CA lands

EXTERMINATION•Fear•Racial

•1845: 150K

•1900: 16K

•???