chap. 2 meteorological measurements
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Chap. 2 Meteorological Measurements. Be aware of time zones and relation between local and universal time. ASOS Instruments. ASOS locations. Buoys provide important surface measurements over oceans. Especially important for west coast weather and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chap. 2Meteorological Measurements
Be aware of time zones and relation between local and universal time
ASOS Instruments
ASOS locations
Buoys provide important surface measurements over oceans.Especially important for west coast weather and hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico
Rawinsondes are used to measure wind, temperature, and moisture above the surface
New GPS technology
Rawinsonde locations
Same sounding on a skew-T diagram
http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/upper/
Radar: the Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler(WSR-88D)
A Doppler radar measures:a) Reflectivity factorb) Doppler velocity
Doppler radar measurements of a supercell stormReflectivity factor, topDoppler velocity, bottom
Radars can provide real-time rainfall accumulations
Combined IR satellite image and Dual Doppler radar analysis
Radar wind profiler, NOAA 404 MHz system
http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/npn/
Wind profiler locations
Example of a profiler wind product: time vs. height section of wind
For more information: http://www.profiler.noaa.gov/npn/index.jsp
GOES satellitePolar orbiting satellite
ACARS – commercial aircraft supply weather data http://www.fsl.noaa.gov/
http://www.weathertap.com
Lightning is becoming a more common forecast product. Total vs. CG
Local measurements• Doppler radar with dual polarization (measurements
of internal flows within storms, clear air wind, distribution of rainfall)
• Doppler wind profiler (vertical profiles of wind and reflectivity)– 915 MHz boundary layer wind profiler– Doppler sodar
• Microwave profiling radiometer (vertical profiles of T and moisture)
• Lidar ceilometer (vertical profiles of aerosols, cloud base height)
• Surface measurementshttp://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/mips/data/current/surface/