change management challenges from single european sky07.06.2010 10 iuas bad honnef - bonn prof. dr....

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107.06.2010

IUAS Bad Honnef - BonnProf. Dr. Christoph Brützel

Change Management Challenges from Single European Sky

Prof. Dr. Christoph Brützel

June 7, 2010

Human Resource Management in European Aviation 2010, Berlin, June 7, 2010

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Content

1. Current situation of the European ATM industry

2. Major trends in the European ATM industry

3. SES – the driver of change

4. FABs – integration and harmonization

5. SESAR – from structure to process

6. Perspectives of change

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The global air traffic management (ATM) industry works along principles that

have been defined 60 years ago.

1. States are responsible and liable for

safety of air traffic within national

boundaries

• Navigation aids

• Air traffic management (guidance)

• Surveillance

2. Only in very few cases, national

borders and geographic range of

national air traffic control centers do

not correspond (Eurocontrol Maastricht

upper area control center being such

an exemption).

3. Open sea areas have been allocated to

national airspaces by ICAO convention

First Edition: Dublin, March 1946

Fifteenth Edition – 2007

Rationale of air traffic control services


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European Airspace is segregated in more than 600 sectors, wherein teams of two

air traffic controllers ensure safety of aircraft movements.

Basics of air traffic control processes and task sharing

The »Radar« communicates with cockpits to control

trajectories along routes (way points / flight levels)

The »Coordinator« communicates with neighbouring

sectors’ coordinators and flow management systems in

order to allow for transfer of control at sector-

interfaces.

Coordinator


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Initiatives to enhance capacities traditionally focus on improvements within the

traditional business model.

Additional segmentation

Reduce controller

workload by additional

segmentation of air space

• Release potential restricted due to cross-

segment airways

• Additional coordinator interfaces

• Additional complexity by reduced cycle

times

Automation

• Paperless strip system

• Short term conflict alert

• Medium term conflict detection

• ATC autopilot

• Speed up communication flow

• Release from routine workload

• Allow for higher sector throughput

Reduced separation

minima

• Increase usage of airspace

• Enhance capacity within constrained areas

Measurements to improve the current ATC business model


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Competencies are fragmented within and along national borders and so are

processes and support systems .

Air Traffic Control Centers and ATM support systems in Europe

Maastricht upper

area control

> 24.500 ft.

Even within systems delivered by one supplier

specifications differ significantly by customer


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TOP 50 – Most constrained points in Europe

Source: Eurocontrol Performance Review Commission – Performance Review Report 2006


Within the current ATM system, air space capacity is congested and is becoming

short.

Congestion

obviously

cannot be

managed at

national level.

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2010: 9.5 Mio.

2015: 12.5 Mio.

2020: 15.6 Mio.

2030: 19.5 Mil.

Source: EUROCONTROL 2010



Air traffic keeps, however, growing and density keeps increasing.


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In order to cope with future demand, ATM has to change its philosophy – the industry will have to manage a shift of paradigms.

Change of paradigms

1. Integration and harmoni-

sation of European air

navigation service provider

industry

2. From control of structure

(air space sectors) to con-

trol of processes (gate-to-

gate flight trajectories)

Additional capacity

enhancement

programs within

current systems and

processes

Growth scenario 2020

Ongoing short &

medium term

programs

2008 2013 2020

Traffic


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Single European Sky (SES) is the European Commission’s key initiative to push ATM in Europe towards consolidation and integration …

Key objectives

USA: Airspace (Mil. km2) 9.8

Hubs 31Europe: Airspace (Mil. km2) 10.5

Hubs 27

1 ATM organisation (civil + mil.)

21 en route control centers

1 Operating system

1 Software

900 Flights / AT controller

380 US $ ATC cost / flight

46 ATM organisations (civil + mil.)

58 en route control centers

22 Operating systems

30 Software

480 Flights / AT controller

667 US $ ATC cost / flight

Situation in year 2000 Single European Sky intiative

Restructure European

airspace as a function of

air traffic flows, rather than

according to national

borders

Create

additional

capacity

Increase the overall

efficiency of the air

traffic management

system


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… and to dramatically increase efficiency of air traffic control.

+ 75 %


Efficiency targets

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SES is based on three pillars.

Restructure

European

airspace as a

function of air

traffic flows

Create

Additional

Capacity

Increase overall

efficiency of the

ATM system

Targ

et

level

Init

iati

ves l

evel

Liberalisation

Functional

Airspace

Blocks

• Framework regulation

• Service Provision regulation

• Airspace regulation

• Interoperability regulation

New ATM business modelIntegration

Single European Sky


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A regulatory framework has been set to facilitate the change from national

autonomy and separation to European harmonisation and integration.

Integration of air space and alignment with traffic

requirements (Functional Airspace Blocks)

Harmonised processes and systems

Measurable performance and improved economic efficiency

Harmonised certification requirements acknowledged

internationally

Separation of regulatory and operational competencies /

duties

Separation between assignment (nomination) and operation

of ATM services (subcontracting to certified ANSP)

SES regulatory framework1)

Integration and

harmonisation of

operation

Harmonisation

and liberalisation

of governance

1) Regulation laying down the framework for the creation of the single European sky (No. 549/2004); Regulation

on the provision of air navigation services in the single European sky (No. 550/2004); Regulation on the

organisation and use of the airspace in the single European sky (No. 551/2004); Regulation on the

interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management network (No. 552/2004)


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Teaming up within Functional Airspace Blocks (FABs), ANSPs consolidate

airspace and aim at exploiting resources synergies.

FAB initiatives

Key Objectives

Consolidate and reshape airspace

according to traffic requirements

Enhance air space capacity, productivity

and cost effectiveness of ATM services

Harmonise ATM processes and support

systems

Exploit synergies on the resources side


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Putting FAB’s into practice faces challenges for change of multiple dimensions.

Change management challenges from FAB initiatives


Stakeholder Challenges

States • Sovereignty and liability within national air space

• Military air space / traffic control / civil-military integration

• Regulative competencies

ANSP • Undisrupted safety of air traffic

• Individual contribution / role

• Resources synergies

• Allocation of ATC centers

• Systems & Processes

• Charging scheme

Air traffic controllers • Undisrupted safety performance

• Harmonization of systems and processes

• Diverting levels of remuneration and qualification

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SES Air Traffic Management Research (SESAR) has been launched as a joint

effort of all stakeholders.

Eliminate the fragmen-

ted approach to ATM

Transform the ATM

system in Europe

Synchronise the plans

and actions of the

different partners and

Federate resources.

SESAR key objectives

SESAR – organisation and objectives


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SESAR is up to change the world of ATM in Europe dramatically.

Weaknesses of current ATM

business modelNew business model required by users

Non coordinated decision

taking processes ATC-

Airport-Airline

Fragmented air space

design and systems support

Operational processes focus

on sector view

Capacity extension by

further fragmentation

Lack of automation

Growing controller workload

Source: SESAR Airspace Users Basic Consortium: AIRSPACE USER OPERATIONS VISION STATEMENTS DOCUMENT ATM 2020+, September 2006


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Air traffic controllers are requested to develop from administrators of air space sectors towards holistic managers of conflicting trajectories.

Source: SESAR Airspace Users Basic Consortium: AIRSPACE USER OPERATIONS VISION STATEMENTS DOCUMENT ATM 2020+, September 2006

Trajectory management replaces sector management

Business priorities driven ATC

Shared conflict management

Collaborative decision taking;

Shared data and information systems

Use of modern technology (Data link; ADS-B, ASA)

Early synchronization of flows towards constrained airports

Interoperability of processes and systems

Alignment with ICAO Global ATM Operational Concept (intervention by exception)

One continuum of airspace

Maximize flexibility and minimize constraints

Improve economic efficiency

User expectations


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Controlling trajectories will support the vision of controlling air traffic from gate

to gate.

Today: Controlling traffic within sectors

of air space

Tomorrow: Controlling trajectories from gate

to gate

Dramatic increase in utilisation of air space

Better utilisation of congested airport infrastructures

Reduced de-routes, holding patterns and pollution

Enhanced economic efficiency along with reduced cost and pollution

From structure to process

Managed

Mid-High Complexity / Density:

Sustained Throughput

Unmanaged

Low Density

Managed

Low-Mid Complexity / Density

FL 460 (500)

FL 200-250

FL 100

Unmanaged

Low Density

Control with Cockpit

(Airborne Separation

Assistance System)

Control with ATC

Managed

Very High Complexity

/ Density

Control with Cockpit

(Airborne Separation

Assistance System)

Control with ATC

Managed

Very High Complexity

/ Density


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Air traffic controllers’ value added will focus on vertical traffic coordination and access to constrained airport infrastructures.


Complexity of air traffic control

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Control of cruising traffic may well be delegated to Airborne Separation Assurance

System (ASAS) support.

Control with Cockpit (Airborne Separation Assistance System)

Control with ATC

Future airspace organization and control design

It‘s going to be a long way to go … but it will be accomplished!


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Even more than FAB’s this will cause dramatic change for all stakeholders .

Change management challenges from FAB initiatives

Stakeholder Challenges

States • Sovereignty and liability within national air space

• Military air space / traffic control / civil-military integration

ANSP • Building a common data base and systems environment

• Integration of CNS Infrastructure

• Workload Balance

• Charging scheme

Air traffic controllers • Job description

• Task sharing (radar & coordinator?)

• Allocation of control ATC / cockpit - CDM

• Workload

Cockpit • Allocation of control ATC / cockpit - CDM

Airlines • ATC cost allocation / charges


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Planning parallel time lines for implementation FAB’s and SESAR approaches

seem to lack benefits from symbiosis.

SESAR flight plan

FABEC Roadmap

• Focused on individual FAB

• Building on learned principles of air space

design and ATM processes

• Sector based ATM

• Harmonization and integration with focus on ATC

services

• Across ECAC region

• Trajectory based ATM

• System wide Integration (ATC, airlines, airports)


Symbiosis vs. discrepancy

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Resistance against change causes additional challenges

Change always bears risk of failure

Undisrupted safety performance requires multiple assessments of »safety

cases«

Military stake holders follow diverting targets

Reallocation of workload and charges causing »winners« and »losers«

Internationalization of air traffic control touches sovereignty of states

Human resources (air traffic controllers) acting under high performance

requirements in a complex working environment

Impact of shift of control from ATC to cockpit / airborne separation assurance

systems (ASAS) on air traffic controllers workload (content, load and distribution

of load)

Air traffic controllers power to undermine change conflicting with their genuine

interests


Drivers of resistance against change in civil ATM

change management challenges from single european sky07.06.2010 10 iuas bad honnef - bonn prof. dr....

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