change in ontology and ontology of change farhad mostowfi farshad fotouhi department of computer...
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Change in Ontology and Ontology of Change
Farhad MostowfiFarshad FotouhiDepartment of Computer ScienceWayne State UniversityDetroit, Michigan USA
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Agenda
Problem StatementRelated WorkProposed Solution Preliminary ResultsFuture Work
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Why Ontology Changes?
New discoveries in the field Change in conceptualizationChange in the scopeImporting ontologies
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Two Recent Versions of GOLD
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Two Recent Versions of GOLD
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Change in Hierarchy
Adding a class or property Removing a class or property Merging two classes or properties Splitting a class into two classes
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Change in Classes
Renaming a class Changing label, comment or cardinality of a class Changing parent Removing parent Adding a child Removing a child Adding a property to a class Removing a property from a class
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Change in Properties
Renaming a property Changing the domain Changing the range Changing the sub-property reference Changing label or comment
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Other Changes
Property Characteristics Equality or Inequality Restricted Cardinality Union or Intersection
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Problem Statement
Managing versions of ontology Recognizing and representing changes Accessing Instances
– Data Retrieval– Data Interpretation
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Ontology Versioning and Schema Versioning
Richer model Ontology is data itself Imported to other ontologies Ontologies are de-centralized Traced vs. untraced evolution
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Related Work
PROMPTDIFF CONCORDIA SHOE Klein’s Framework
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LINGOES Components
OntoGloss RDF Repository Change Management User Interface
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LINGOES Framework
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Change Management
Delta SpecificationsOntology of ChangeRules to Extract DeltaOntoChange
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Delta – An Example
SubLexicalUnit
ProClitic
Clitic
Version 1 Version 2
InflectionalUnit
SubLexicalUnit
SimpleSubLexicalUnit
EnClitic
ProClitic
Clitic
EnClitic
InflectionalUnit
SubLexicalUnit
SimpleSubLexicalUnit
#1873
Clitic
RemovedClass
#1872
InflectionalUnit
rdf:type
rdf:type Delta:hadChild
Delta:hadChild
rdf:type
Delta:hadParent
Instances in the old version
Delta
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Querying the Delta
SELECT Subject, @Predicate, ObjectFROM {Subject} @Predicate {Y}. @Predicate {Z}, {Y} @W {Object}WHERE @Predicate=rdf:type and Z=Delta:RemovedClass and @W=Delta#hadParent
SubLexicalUnit
SimpleSubLexicalUnit
#1873
Clitic
RemovedClass
#1872
InflectionalUnit
rdf:type
rdf:type Delta:hadChild
Delta:hadChild
rdf:type
Delta:hadParent
Instances in the old version
Delta
Subject @Predicate Object
DOC1#1872 rdf:ype GOLD#SubLexicalUnit
DOC2#1873 rdf:type GOLD#SubLexicalUnit
DOC1#1711 rdf:type GOLD#MorphoSyntacticUnit
DOC2#1712 rdf:type GOLD#MorphoSyntacticUnit
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Delta – An Example
<?From the Old Version to the New Version?><Delta:baseOntology ID=GOLD1> <rdf:Description rdf:about="GOLD:Clitic"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="Delta:ModifiedParentClass"/> <Delta#hadParent rdf:resource="GOLD:SimpleSubLexicalUnit"/> <Delta#hadChild rdf:resource="GOLD:ProClitic"/> <Delta#hadChild rdf:resource="GOLD:EnClitic"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="GOLD:InflectionalUnit"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="Delta:ModifiedParentClass"/> <Delta#hadChild rdf:resource="GOLD:"/> <Delta#hadParent rdf:resource="GOLD:SimpleSubLexicalUnit"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="GOLD:SimpleSubLexicalUnit"> <Delta#hadChild rdf:resource="GOLD:Clitic"/> <Delta#hadParent rdf:resource="GOLD:SubLexicalUnit"/> <Delta#hadChild rdf:resource="GOLD:InflectionalUnit"/> <rdf:type rdf:resource="Delta:RemovedClass"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="GOLD:SubLexicalUnit"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="Delta:ModifiedChildClass"/> <Delta#hadChild rdf:resource="GOLD:SimpleSubLexicalUnit"/> </rdf:Description></Delta:baseOntology >
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Hierarchy of Versions
Version 1
Version 2 Version 3
Version 4 Version 6 Version 5
Version 7
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Ontology of Change
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Removed Class
Definition is removed Old children with new parent Old parents with new children No domain reference No range reference
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Rules to Extract Delta
Class Rule
RemovedClass
If exist:old<X rdf:type rdfs:Class><X rdfs:subClassOf Y>*<Z rdfs:subClassOf X>*
not-exist:new <X rdf:type rdfs:Class>
Then<X rdf:type DL:RemovedClass><X DL:hadParent Y>*<X DL:hadChild Z>*
ModifiedChildClass
If exist:old<Y rdfs:subClassOf X>
not-exist:new <Y rdfs:subClassOf X>
Then<X rdf:type DL:ModifiedChildClass><X DL:hadChild Y>
ModifiedParentClass
If exist:old<X rdfs:subClassOf Y>
not-exist:new <X rdfs:subClassOf Y>
Then<X rdf:type DL:ModifiedParentClass><X DL:hadParent Y>
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Rules to Extract Delta - RemovedClass
Class Rule
RemovedClass
x: The removed class
y: y Y Set of all the parents of xz: z Z Set of all the children of xr: r R Set of all propertiesIf exist in old
<x rdf:type rdfs:Class>
<x rdfs:subClassOf y>*
<z rdfs:subClassOf x>*
not-exist in old
exist in new
<z rdfs:subClassOf y>*
//children might have been deleted as well
not-exist in new
<x rdf:type rdfs:Class>
<x rdfs:subClassOf y>*
<z rdfs:subClassOf x>*
<r rdfs:domain x>*
<r rdfs:range x>*
Other Conditions
Then
<x rdf:type Delta:RemovedClass>
<x Delta:hadParent y>*
<x Delta:hadChild z>*
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Rules to Extract Delta – RemovedObjectProperty
Class Rule
RemovedObjectProperty
r: The removed object property
x: x X Set of all the classesIf exist in old
<x rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty>
not-exist in old
exist in new
not-exist in new
<r rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty>
<r rdfs:domain x>*
<r rdfs:range x>*
Other Conditions
Then
<r rdf:type Delta:RemovedObjectProperty>
<r Delta:hadDomain x>*
<r Delta:hadRange x>*
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Rules to Extract Delta – RemovedObjectProperty
Class Rule
ChangedCommentClass
x: The changed class
comment_old: The old comment
comment_new: The new comment
If exist in old
<x rdf:type rdfs:Class>
<x rdfs:comment comment_old>
not-exist in old
exist in new
<x rdf:type rdfs:Class>
<x rdfs:comment comment_new>
not-exist in new
other condition
comment_old<>comment_new
Then
<x rdf:type Delta:ChangedCommentClass>
<x Delta:hadComment comment_old>
<x Delta:hasComment comment_new>
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OntoChange
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Experimental Study
Retrieved Type Information Percentage False Positive False Negative
Without Delta 3430 51% 2150 3370 With Delta (only removed classes) 4880 72% 700 1920
Type Information Annotations
Version 1 Version 2 1020 6800 5580
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Future Work
Combining Deltas Importing Ontologies Reasoning Tool Support