challenging the concepts of localization and recovery of brain function recbir – research centre...

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Rehabilita tion UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscienc e ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilita tion UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscienc e Neuroplasticitet og rehabilitering efter hjerneskade – hjerneskadens mekanismer og behandling Jesper Mogensen, Professor Head of UCN (The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience), Dep. of Psychol., University of Copenhagen Director of ReCBIR (Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation)

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Page 1: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION

AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

Neuroplasticitet og rehabilitering efter hjerneskade – hjerneskadens

mekanismer og behandling

Jesper Mogensen, ProfessorHead of UCN (The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience), Dep. of

Psychol., University of Copenhagen

Director of ReCBIR (Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation)

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UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

2

Den regionale specialisering af hjernen – funktionel lokalisation

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UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

3

FULD FUNKTIONEL GENOPRETNING

TRODS KOMPLET SKADE AF

HJERNESTRUKTURER

(ALLOCENTRISK PLACE LEARNING)

Mogensen et al. Brain Research Bulletin, 2004

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UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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ELLER

GENOPRETNING?

LOKALISATION

ELLER? …

Page 5: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

5

ALGORITHMIC STRATEGIES

ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

NEU

RAL

SU

BSTR

ATESBEHAVIOUR X

UNDERLYING COGNITIVE MECHANISMS

AS

A

AS

C

EF

1EF

2EF

3EF

4EF

5EF

6EF

7EF

8EF

9EF10

EF11

EF12

EF13

EF14

EF15

I

II

III

IV VVI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

XIII

XIVXV

Brain structure α

Brain structure

β

Brain structure

γ

UN

DER

LYIN

G N

EUR

AL

MEC

HA

NIS

MS

Page 6: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) samt andre trofiske faktorer …

Page 7: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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TROFISKE FAKTORER

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UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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SPROUTING

Page 9: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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MEKANISMER for NEURONDØD

Page 10: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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BDNF og antidepressiva

Page 11: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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HVAD PÅVIRKER HJERNENS PLASICITET?

BDNF?

Page 12: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

12

BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) samt andre trofiske faktorer

ved hjerneskade

Betydning i den akutte fase

Betydning for langsigtet reorganisering

Page 13: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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SKADER ved BLODPROP

Page 14: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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MEKANISMER for NEURONSKADE ved TBI

Page 15: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) samt andre trofiske faktorer

ved hjerneskade

Betydning i den akutte fase

Betydning for langsigtet reorganisering

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UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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Hvordan kan BDNF fremmes ?

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UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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BDNF og antidepressiva

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UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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Hvordan kan BDNF fremmes ? – andre muligheder?

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UCN - The Unit for Cognitive Neuroscience

ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

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BDNF ved motorisk aktivitet

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BDNF

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Food for Thought …

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HVAD PÅVIRKER HJERNENS PLASICITET?

Motion?

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Aktivering/stimulation som terapeutisk metode ved hjerneskade

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Tidlig eller sen ?

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SEN !

Men …

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Aktivering/stimulation som terapeutisk metode ved hjerneskade

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Påtvunget eller frivillig ?

Stress ?

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Exercise after stress

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FRIVILLIG !

Men …

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Aktivering/stimulation som terapeutisk metode ved hjerneskade

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Betydningen af stress

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Støtte til funktionel genopretning og træning – samt måske ”skader” ved

psykiske lidelser

Farmakologi

Aktivering/Stimulering

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Farmakologisk støttet rehabilitering

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Farmakologisk støttet rehabilitering

Effekter af Erythropoietin (EPO)

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EPO og BDNF

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7 dage 30 dage

Interaktioner

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EPO og BDNF

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Glutamat

Betydning i den akutte fase

Betydning for langsigtet reorganisering

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SKADER ved BLODPROP

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Glutamat - PIMSD

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DEN DYNAMISKE HJERNE: HÅB OG UDFORDRINGER

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Får vi en kopi af det mistede?

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1. MODIFICATION OF DEGREE OF CONTRIBUTION TO TASK MEDIATION BY INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES:

Some structures exhibit increased or decreased levels of contribution to task mediation

2. TASK-DEPENDENT AND DISSIMILAR NEURAL SUBSTRATES:

After a given lesion the functional recovery of various cognitive tasks is mediated by unique and dissimilar neural substrates

3. APPLICATION OF NEW COGNITIVE STRATEGIES:

The fully posttraumatically recovered individuals solve the task by applying new strategies that are dissimilar to those applied pretraumatically

PHENOMENA OF POSTTRAUMATIC PHENOMENA OF POSTTRAUMATIC RECOVERYRECOVERY

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ALGORITHMIC STRATEGIES

ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

NEU

RAL

SU

BSTR

ATESBEHAVIOUR X

UNDERLYING COGNITIVE MECHANISMS

AS

A

AS

C

EF

1EF

2EF

3EF

4EF

5EF

6EF

7EF

8EF

9EF10

EF11

EF12

EF13

EF14

EF15

I

II

III

IV VVI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

XIII

XIVXV

Brain structure α

Brain structure

β

Brain structure

γ

UN

DER

LYIN

G N

EUR

AL

MEC

HA

NIS

MS

Page 62: CHALLENGING THE CONCEPTS OF LOCALIZATION AND RECOVERY OF BRAIN FUNCTION ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation UCN - The Unit for Cognitive

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Får vi en kopi af det mistede?

NEJ!

Men kunne vi få det?

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Hvordan er de basale netværk dannet oprindeligt?

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ReCBIR – Research Centre for Brain Injury Rehabilitation

67”Kritiske” perioder under udviklingen

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CSPGs - stoffer fra gliaceller …

CSPGs – chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans

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Og så er der låst …

… eller er der?!

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NEUROGENESE I DEN VOKSNE HJERNE

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CSPGs

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Styrkelse af BDNF?

Hæmning af CSPGs?

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Fordele – og farer

Hæmning af CSPGs?

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Styrkelse af BDNF?

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Aktivering/stimulation som terapeutisk metode ved hjerneskade

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Hvad kan vi gøre for at få den bedste omformning af hjernen?

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ALGORITHMIC STRATEGIES

ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

NEU

RAL

SU

BSTR

ATESBEHAVIOUR X

UNDERLYING COGNITIVE MECHANISMS

AS

A

AS

C

EF

1EF

2EF

3EF

4EF

5EF

6EF

7EF

8EF

9EF10

EF11

EF12

EF13

EF14

EF15

I

II

III

IV VVI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

XIII

XIVXV

Brain structure α

Brain structure

β

Brain structure

γ

UN

DER

LYIN

G N

EUR

AL

MEC

HA

NIS

MS

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GENERALISERING …

af træning?

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GENERALISERING …

og kan vi få virkeligheden ind i

træningen?

kan vi få træningen ud i virkeligheden?

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Virkeligheden ind i træningen!

Træningen ud i virkeligheden!

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DEN DYNAMISKE HJERNE: HÅB OG UDFORDRINGER

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I forskning og behandling – lad os gå direkte efter de optimale

løsninger!

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TAK FOR I DAG!