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Challenges with Road Safety in India
▪ Availability & Optimum use of funds
for road safety
▪ Lack of sufficient Signage/ Road
Furniture
▪ Lack of common standard across
Roads
▪ Use of varied Material for support
posts/ substrate
▪ Varied Design, Fonts – non
adherence to IRC 67 Specifications
▪ Lack of Maintenance and timely
replacement of Signs / Furniture
Key Issues
Code of Practice for Road Marking
IRC-35 : 2015“Code of Practice for Road Marking”
Referred International Manuals
MUTCD,USA EN STANDARDS
AUSTRALIA / NEW ZELAND
JAPANJAPANESE PAVEMENT MARKING
MALAYSIA
INDIA
TEXAS
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Performance Based Specs
Current Recipe Based Specs
Main Objective of Up-gradation of IRC-35
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Recipe Specs in MORT&H “Specification for Road & Bridge Works “
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Introduction
Road Marking
- lines, patterns, words
- controlling, warning, guiding and informing the road users.
Features of Road Marking
▪ Guides & regulate traffic
▪ Delineation of traffic path for safe movement
▪ channelize the pedestrians & cyclists movement into safe location
▪ include longitudinal & transverse markings, text and symbols
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Road Marking Material & General Features
Code of Practice for Road Markings
Type of Material for Road Markings
1. Thermoplastic Markings (Hot applied thermoplastic
compound)
2. Solvent borne and Waterborne Road Marking Paint
3. Cold Applied Plastics
4. Preformed Adhesive Tapes
Code of Practice for Road Markings
Thermoplastic Markings
▪ mixture of plasticizer & resins that serves to hold all of the other
ingredients together.
▪ fast drying time and highly durable
▪ better retro reflective performance than that of ordinary road
marking paint.
▪ The service life of one application ranges from 2 to 3 years,
depending on traffic volumes.
Code of Practice for Road Markings
Solvent Borne & Waterborne Road Marking Paints
▪ Water-based ( acrylics) paint is environmentally friendly
▪ Solvent based ( oil, alkyd based), release volatile organic compounds
▪ Water based is easier to handle compared to solvent-based paints
▪ Water-based paints can be opened to traffic quicker
▪Generally used in construction work zone for temporary marking
Code of Practice for Road Markings
Cold Applied Plastics
▪ Generally Used for Coloured pavement marking.
▪ best means to provide audible raised pavement marking for edge
lines.
▪ more durable than thermoplastic markings in retaining the original
colour and luminance values.
Code of Practice for Road Markings
Preformed Adhesive Tapes
▪ continuous rolls of various lengths and widths.
▪ Easy to apply and less drying or curing period.
▪ high initial cost but would offer more service life in locations with high traffic volumes
▪ suitable for those locations that require frequent replacement of pavement markings.
▪ Application : They are used for object markings and transverse lines in high-traffic areas.
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© 3M 2008. All Rights Reserved.
Preformed Adhesive Tapes
Code of Practice for Road Markings
IRC 35 : 2015 Page No. 18
Preformed Adhesive Tapes : Application
PRE-MARKING TAPE APPLICATION FINAL COMPACTING
© 3M 2008. All Rights Reserved.
Preformed Patterned Tapes
Critical Spots – Pedestrian Crossings
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© 3M 2008. All Rights Reserved.
Stamark Tapes
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Classification of Pavement Marking
▪ Longitudinal Marking ( LM )
▪ Transverse Marking ( TM )
▪ Hazard Marking ( HM )
▪ Block Marking (BM)
▪ Arrow Marking ( AM)
▪ Directional Marking (DM)
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Classification of Pavement Markings
Longitudinal Marking ( LM )
- along the traffic movement.
- broken lines, single/double continuous lines and
continuity lines are classified under Longitudinal
Marking and abbreviated as LM01, LM02, LM03
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Longitudinal Marking ( LM)
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Classification of Pavement Markings
Transverse Marking ( TM )
- across the carriageway for traffic control
- broken lines, single/double continuous lines such as
Stop marking and Give way marking
- TM shall always be accompanied with
Corresponding sign
Transverse Marking ( TM )
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Hazard Marking ( HM )
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Block Marking (BM)
The zebra crossing for pedestrians, triangular and chequered marking forspeed breakers
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Arrow Markings (AM)
- arrows painted on carriageway
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Directional Markings
Code of Practice for Road Marking
Road Marking : Current scenario & Issues
Issues
Poor Night Visibility
& Road Presence
Effect
Accident danger
at critical spots
3M Road Furniture for improving visibility on India roads
Aluminum Flexible Prismatic Sheeting
Median Markers
Roll up Signs Delineators
Raised Pavement Markers
Application of RPM / Cat Eye/ Road Studs
Edge Line
Centre Line
Common Problems with Local RPM’s / Cat Eye / RPM
Inferior Plastic Material
Fixed with metal nails
Non- reflective at Night
Broken Lens
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3M Raised Pavement Markers▪ RPM helps improve delineation along
with road marking
▪ Application : Edge line and / or Centre /
skip Line
▪ RPMs increase preview distances 2 to 3
times
▪ Performs even during rainy / foggy or
extreme climatic condition
MORTH Specs
▪ Material of Body : Plastic & no metal
▪ Compressive Strength : Min 13,635 Kg
▪ Fixed by Using Adhesive : No nails
▪ Retro Reflective Area : ≤ 13 Sqcm
▪ Height 20 mm & Width 130mm
3M Moulded Shank RPM
▪ Body : Polycarbonate & Completely Filled
▪ Compressive Strength : 16,000 Kg
▪ Application : Two Polymer Shank with
epoxy; Improves durability
▪ Colors : White/ Red/ Yellow
Code of Practice for Road Marking
IRC 35 : 2015 PageNo.80
Road Studs : Spacing
Table 5.1: Road Studs for Undivided Roads
Description Normal Section Warning Section No Overtaking SectionApplicabl
e FiguresRoad
Category
Traffic
Movement
Carriage
way
Centre
LineEdge Line
Traffic
lane Line
Centre
LineEdge Line
Traffic
lane Line
Centre
LineEdge Line
Traffic
lane Line
Single/Inter
mediate
Lane Road
Two way < 5.5m NA
Red-
White Bi-
directional
at 18m
interval
(Optional)
NA NA
Red-
White Bi-
directional
at 9m
interval
(Optional)
NA NA
Red-
White Bi-
directional
at 6m
interval
(Desirable)
NA Fig 4.4
Two Lane
Road
without
paved
Shoulder
Two way5.5m to
7m
White-
White Bi-
directional
at 18m
interval
(Optional)
Red-
White Bi-
directional
at 18m
interval
(Optional)
NA
White-
White Bi-
directional
at 9m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-
White Bi-
directional
at 9m
interval
(Desirable)
NA
Yellow-
Yellow Bi-
directional
at 6m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-
White Bi-
directional
at 6m
interval
(Desirable)
NA Fig 4.5
Two Lane
Road with
Paved
Shoulder
Two way >7m
White-
White Bi-
directional
at 18m
interval
(Optional)
Red-White
Bi-
directional
at 18m
interval
(Optional)
NA
White-
White Bi-
directional
at 9m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-White
Bi-
directional
at 9m
interval
(Desirable)
NA
Yellow-
Yellow Bi-
directional
at 6m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-White
Bi-
directional
at 6m
interval
(Desirable)
NA Fig 4.6
Three Lane
Undivided
Road
Two way >11m
Yellow-
Yellow Bi-
directional
at 18m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-White
Bi-
directional
at 18m
interval
(Optional)
Not
Required
Yellow-
Yellow Bi-
directional
at 9m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-White
Bi-
directional
at 9m
interval
(Desirable)
Not
Required
Yellow-
Yellow Bi-
directional
at 6m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-White
Bi-
directional
at 6m
interval
(Desirable)
White-
White Bi-
directiona
l at 6m
interval
(Optional)
Fig 4.7
Four Lane
Undivided
Road
Two way >14
Yellow-
Yellow Bi-
directional
at 18m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-White
Bi-
directional
at 18m
interval
(Optional)
Not
Required
Yellow-
Yellow Bi-
directional
at 9m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-White
Bi-
directional
at 9m
interval
(Desirable)
Not
Required
Yellow-
Yellow Bi-
directional
at 6m
interval
(Desirable)
Red-White
Bi-
directional
at 6m
interval
(Desirable)
White-
White Bi-
directiona
l at 6m
interval
(Optional)
Fig 4.8
Code of Practice for Road Marking
IRC 35 : 2015 Page No. 81
Road Studs
Spacing : 18m
Spacing: 9 m
Spacing:6 m
Solar Raised Pavement Marker
• LED based solar RPMs are becoming popular in India.
• 3M Solar RPM is designed with highly engineered plastic body and is suitable for Indian road conditions which can take heavy traffic loads of over 20 tons.
• This Solar RPM provides 360 Degree uniform illumination using 3M’s Light Guide Technology
Features & Benefits
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3M Flexible Median marker – The new way of median visibility
Feature Advantage Benefits
Innovative Flame like Design
structure Better visual appearance Increases visibility at night for safe driving
Flexible Thermoplastic Body Bounce Back on impact
▪ Vandal proof against impact
▪ Lesser chances of people tripping over median marker
Vertical design Increased reflectivity
High reflectivity gives better visual appearance to the
driver
Fluorescent Type XI DG3
Reflective sheeting
Long Distance visibility in day &
night Provides longer response time for safer driving
RPM Like Shank Reduce application time Increases productivity lead in reduction of labour charge
Shank Based Grouting Narrow foot print
▪ Easy installation on narrow width medians
▪ Reduced epoxy consumption
Edge Sealed Reflective Sheeting
Vandal resistant against sheeting
peel off Longer durability & reflectivity service life
High performance Thermoplastic
engineering Grade material Better performance Long term durability
Challenges of current Median Marker
Large Foot print
Vandalized by foot impact
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3M Median Markers help avert accidents
Rainy / Foggy Day Visibility
Night time visibility
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3M Aluminum backed Flexible Prismatic Sheeting
Roundabout at Haldwani, UP Round About in Bangalore
Ghat Road, Ooty Bull Nose at Toll Plaza
▪ Non metallic Prismatic Type VI reflective sheeting
▪ Dead folding (takes any shape)
▪ Applied on any rough surfaces : tree trunks, concrete,
metals, etc.
▪ Concealed edges
▪ Longer product life
▪ No resale value ; less chances of vandalism
Current Practice
▪ Yellow / White Paint
▪ Nailed Reflective Plate
▪ Hazard Marker
3M Aluminum Prismatic Sheeting
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3M Delineators
Polycarbonate outer sleeve
White Retro-reflective sheeting
Red Retro-reflective sheeting
Powder coated metal body
▪ Larger area of retro-reflective sheeting
▪ Catches attention from long distance
▪ Concealed edges & Longer Product Life
▪ Powder coated metal
▪ Low chance of vandalism
▪ Confirming to IRC 79-1981
Features & BenefitsRIGID DELINEATORMETAL DELINEATOR
s
CASE BASED ILLUSTRATIONS
Night
DAY
Current Scenario: No Road Delineation
Day
Night
View With Road furniture
Illustration and Impact: Straight Stretch
Night
Day
View With Road furniture
Illustration and Impact: Blind Curves
Traffic Control Devices & Night-time Visibility
for Construction Work Zone
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Construction Work Zone
No or Bare
minimum signs
Little or improper
barricading
Minimal night time
visibility
Poor road
surface
Narrow lanes
for vehicle
movement
Lack of Work Zone Traffic Management Plan, Signs & Traffic Control Devices
Current practices :
Existing Lane, new lane constructionTree Cutting in progress
Barricade:
Elements of Traffic Control Zone
Warn road user of approaching hazard
It guides traffic flow into working zone
Actual construction is being undertaken.
Clear work area & return to normal traffic
lanes
Advance Warning Zone
Current Scenario
Proposed Changes (Day)
Orange Retro reflective sign