challenges for urban women entrepreneurship development

C H A L L E N G E S F O R

U R B A N W O M E N

E N T R E P R E N E U R S H I P

D E V E L O P M E N T I N

B A N G L A D E S H

PREPARED FOR

DR. MUHAMMAD Z MAMUN

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: RESEARCH METHODS

PROFESSOR

INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION,

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA

PREPARED BY:

AFSARA ZAHEEN AHMED RH-24

REHANUL ISLAM ZR-27

SYEDA SHEHTAZ HASIB RH-28

NABEELA ZEREEN MOBASHWER RH-30

MUNEM CHOWDHURY ZR-33

SHABAB MASHUK ZR-47

NOUSHIN WADUD KHAN RH-58

SAJEED ALAM ZR-60

AHNAF AHMED ZR-62

TOWSIF REAZ ZR-64

GROUP: 01

BBA BATCH 20, SECTION A

GROUP 1

SECTION A

CONTENTS

METHODOLOGYRESPONDENT

DEMOGRAPHICSINTRODUCTION CHALLENGESCONCLUSION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

40% women involved in the workforce

Entrepreneurship crucial to

MACROECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT

Bangladesh 75th

in Global Gender

Gap ranking

12.7% of enterprises in Bangladesh

owned by women entrepreneurs

1.0 INTRODUCTION

SCOPE

Research limited to urban women entrepreneurs operating

within Dhaka City

OBJECTIVESANALYSE THE CHALLENGES TO URBAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

DEVELOPMENT:

1. PERSONAL CHALLENGES

2. SOCIETAL CHALLENGES

3. FINANCIAL CHALLENGES

4. BUSINESS OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES

5. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES

2.0 METHODOLOGY

DATA COLLECTION

01. PRIMARY DATA

SELF-ADMINISTERED

QUESTIONNAIRES

02. SECONDARY DATA

PERTINENT ARTICLES AND

ACADEMIC JOURNALS

03. SAMPLING TYPE

JUDGMENTAL,

NON-PROBABILITY

SAMPLING

04. SAMPLE SIZE

CALCULATED: 385

REACHED: 76

2.0 METHODOLOGY

QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT

47 QUESTIONS OVERALL divided into 5 sections based on

the challenges

45 of them MCQs

6 respondents for PRE-TESTING

0.718 – value of Cronbach’s alpha for summated scale

questions

3.0 RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS

RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS

77.1% married

89.5% Muslims

67.1% belonging to conjugal families

53.9% have children


RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS: EDUCATION

39.5% Business majors

86.8% studied at local institutions

RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS: PRIOR PROFESSION

47.4% students prior to starting business

30.3% homemakers prior to starting business


RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS: BUSINESS

61.8% have Clothing & Merchandising business


RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS: BUSINESS

59.2% are Sole proprietors

4.1 PERSONAL CHALLENGES

PERSONAL CHALLENGES

01. MOTIVATION FOR STARTING BUSINESS

17.9% self-motivated

02. MAJOR INITIAL OBSTACLES

21.8% have lack of start up finance

14.1% face difficulties in work-life balance


PERSONAL CHALLENGES

27.9% face difficulties in work-life balance

03. MAJOR CURRENT OBSTACLES


PERSONAL CHALLENGES

21.2% faced financial constraints both initially and currently

04. CROSS COMPARISON OF CHALLENGES

43.9% faced work-life balance constraints both initially and

currently

9.1% faced entrepreneurial skills gap both initially and

currently

4.2 SOCIETAL CHALLENGES

SOCIETAL CHALLENGES

Maintaining work-life balance

01. CHALLENGES FOR MOTHERS

43.4% faced problems with managing general household

responsibilities

02. SIGNIFICANCE OF DOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIES

26.3% faced no problems


SOCIETAL CHALLENGES

03. FAMILY SUPPORT

34.9% receive support from husbands

30.2% receive support from parents

04. FAMILY OBLIGATIONS TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP

57.1% have families with reservations on working hours


SOCIETAL CHALLENGES

05. PROBLEMS WITH COWORKERS

39.3% faced no problems

19% faced lack of cooperation

17.9% felt lack of respect for authority

16.7% thought coworkers felt lack of faith in ability

7.2% faced gender discrimination problems


SOCIETAL CHALLENGES

06. PERCEPTION OF SOCIETAL OUTLOOK ON WOMEN

“Society believes that women should not work.”

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4.61 mean scoreSTRONGLY

AGREE

STRONGLY

DISAGREE


SOCIETAL CHALLENGES

07. SOCIETAL PERCEPTION ON IDEAL JOBS FOR WOMEN

Teachers, doctors, interior designers, boutique shop owners

08. CONVENIENT INDUSTRIES FOR WOMEN

30.3% Clothing

26.3% Beauty care

23.7% Handicraft

4.3 FINANCIAL CHALLENGES

FINANCIAL CHALLENGES

01. INITIAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

38.2% from Personal savings

31.6% initial investment more than Tk. 500,000

22.4% initial investment between Tk. 100,000 and Tk. 500,000

3.9% from Private commercial banks

1.3% from Public commercial banks



Tk. 10,000 – Tk. 50,000 - Majority of Food businesses

02. CROSS COMPARISON BETWEEN INVESTMENT SIZE &

TYPE OF BUSINESS

Tk. 50,000 – Tk. 100,000 - Majority of Event management

businesses

Tk. 100,000 – Tk. 500,000 - Majority of Beauty and

grooming businesses

More than Tk. 500,000 - Majority of Clothing &

Merchandising businesses



19.7%- used External financing

03. EXTERNAL FINANCING

High interest rates – reasons for not applying

56.6%- Believe external financing is more available now

4.4 CHALLENGES TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS

CHALLENGES TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS

59.2%- do not have a formal business plan

01. BUSINESS PLANNING

87.2%- make daily plans themselves

02. BOOKKEEPING

64.5%- maintain records themselves

50%- maintain daily records



67.1%- have valid tax ID

03. TAX

67.9%- aware of VAT regulations



35.5%- have showrooms

04. BUSINESS EXPOSURE

3.9%- own showrooms

29.2%- promote business via friends and family

24.5%- promote business via word of mouth

0.5%- promote business via TVCs

4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES

61.8%- are of micro scale

01. BUSINESS SIZE



63.2%- have moderate profit margins

01. PROFIT MARGIN

02. CROSS COMPARISON BETWEEN TYPE OF BUSINESS

AND PROFIT MARGIN

Clothing - moderate

Food - moderate

Beauty & grooming – between low and moderate

Event management–moderate



64.5%- had moderate expansion

03. BUSINESS EXPANSION

04. CROSS COMPARISON BETWEEN TYPE OF BUSINESS

AND BUSINESS EXPANSION RATE

Clothing - moderate

Food - moderate

Beauty & grooming –moderate

Event management–moderate



41.7%- received no support

05. EXTERNAL SUPPORT

19%- received networking support

16.7%- received financial support



05. OPINIONS ON FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

A. CAREER/PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT:

1 – NOT RELEVANT

2 – POOR

3 – QUITE GOOD

4 – GOOD

5 – EXCELLENT

3.66 – MEAN SCORE

0.917 – STANDARD DEVIATION




ENTREPRENEURSHIP

B. ABILITY TO USE INITIATIVE:

1 – NOT RELEVANT

2 – POOR

3 – QUITE GOOD

4 – GOOD

5 – EXCELLENT

3.88 – MEAN SCORE





ENTREPRENEURSHIP

C. AUTHORITY OVER BUSINESS:

1 – NOT RELEVANT

2 – POOR

3 – QUITE GOOD

4 – GOOD

5 – EXCELLENT

4.03 – MEAN SCORE





ENTREPRENEURSHIP

D. LEVEL OF COOPERATION FROM EMPLOYEES:

1 – NOT RELEVANT

2 – POOR

3 – QUITE GOOD

4 – GOOD

5 – EXCELLENT

3.82 – MEAN SCORE





ENTREPRENEURSHIP

E. EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN:

1 – NOT RELEVANT

2 – POOR

3 – QUITE GOOD

4 – GOOD

5 – EXCELLENT

3.99 – MEAN SCORE




06. OPINIONS ON FACTORS SIGNIFICANT FOR BARRIERS

TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP

A. MANAGEMENT SKILLS:

1 – NOT IMPORTANT

2 – SLIGHTLY IMPORTANT

3 – VERY IMPORTANT

2.61 – MEAN SCORE






B. NETWORKING:

1 – NOT IMPORTANT



2.61 – MEAN SCORE






C. GENDER DISCRIMINATION:

1 – NOT IMPORTANT



2.36 – MEAN SCORE






D. FAITH IN WOMEN LEADERSHIP:

1 – NOT IMPORTANT



2.58 – MEAN SCORE






E. WORK-LIFE BALANCE:

1 – NOT IMPORTANT



2.70 – MEAN SCORE


5.0 CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

• GENERALLY POSITIVE SOCIETAL OUTLOOK

• WORK-LIFE BALANCE EXTREMELY

SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE

• FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS HINDERING

EXPANSION

• MANAGERIAL EXPERTISE & INFORMATION

GAP AS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT

THANK YOU

challenges for urban women entrepreneurship development

Education

management challenges

business operations

cross comparison of

starting business

business majors

business planning

societal perception

formal business plan