chain ladder excel caritat

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    The chain ladder method

    Calculation of the proportionality factors.

    The cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0

    &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)

    2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+)3 +'&* .'*$, /'))

    4 +'** /',*+

    5 .'$,6

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 60 $&/ $))* $))+ $)) $)).1 $&+ $)) $)). $))2 $&$ $)$) $))+3 $&*/ $)$,4 $&,5

    6

    01I!2)3 01I!2)3 )**., )**$ )**.&

    $))+&+ $))$/ $))+,+ 1E!EL45**$+8 **$+8 **$+8 **&++8 **.*8 1E!EL4**$+8 ))))8 ))))8 )+&)8 )$.8 1E!EL4

    The drun-off triangle

    p:

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    0 &')* +'&,)) +'+$$)) +'+)) +'+&.)) +'+./)) 4,456.00

    1 &'&/, +'/.*)) +'/*/)) +',))) +',&))) 4,752.40 4,752.40

    2 &',$ .'&+.)) .'&*)) .'+))) 5,40.07 5,455.7! 5,455.7! 3 +'&* .'*$,)) /')))) /')+/$. 0.00 0.00

    4 +'** /',*+)) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5 .'$, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6

    Development yearYear of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./ 4,456.00

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&) 4,752.40 4,752.40

    2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+) 5,40.07 5,455.7! 5,455.7!

    3 +'&* .'*$, /')) 6,046.15 6,057.! 6,0!6.06 6,0!6.06

    4 +'** /',*+ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

    5 .'$, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

    6

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* $'$/& &* $, , $ "

    1 &'&/, $'* &, + $) 22.40 "

    2 &',$ $'+,+ .& 10.07 25.71 "

    3 +'&* $'/, $)& 26.15 11.24 2!.6! "

    4 +'** $'/. ### " " " "

    5 .'$, (5,217.00) " " " " "6

    Method 2 (using the proportionality factors p

    1,i)

    The incrementalrun-off triangle

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    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 $&/ $))* $))+ $)) $)). $)))1 $&+ $)) $)). $)) $)). $)))

    2 $&$ $)$) $))+ $)) $)). $)))

    3 $&*/ $)$, $))+ - 01I!2)3 01I!2)3

    4 $&, - 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)35 - 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)36

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    6ENT FACT4R7 6ENT RATI47

    6ENT 5ERCENTA9E7

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    The %old& chain ladder method

    Here the proportionality factors are the mean of empirical proportionality factors.

    Calculation of the proportionality factors.

    The cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)

    2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+)

    3 +'&* .'*$, /'))

    4 +'** /',*+

    5 .'$,6

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    The incrementalrun-off triangle

    &'))) &'.)) +'))) +'.)) .'))) .'.))

    +')))

    +'.))

    .')))

    .'.))

    /')))

    /'.))

    ,')))

    f(;# < $&$+*,&)$;f(;# < $+)&*.&); - *)&$),*$,*

    +'))) +'.)) .'))) .'.)) /'))) /'.))

    +'.)

    +'+.)

    +'/.)

    +'.)

    .').)

    .'.)

    .'+.)

    .'/.)

    .'.)

    /').)

    /'.)

    f(;# < $)$$&.++;f(;# < $)+)+/$$*; - $+,/*,,&/&*,

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    Completion of the cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&,)) +'+$$)) +'+)) +'+&.)) +'+./)) 4,456.00

    1 &'&/, +'/.*)) +'/*/)) +',))) +',&))) 4,752.40 4,752.40

    2 &',$ .'&+.)) .'&*)) .'+))) 5,40.0 5,455.74 5,455.74

    3 +'&* .'*$,)) /')))) /')+/$, 6,057.5 6,0!6.0 6,0!6.0

    4 +'** /',*+)) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

    5 .'$, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./ 4,456.00

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&) 4,752.40 4,752.402 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+) 5,40.0 5,455.74 5,455.74

    3 +'&* .'*$, /')) 6,046.17 6,057.5 6,0!6.0 6,0!6.0

    4 +'** /',*+ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

    5 .'$, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6

    Development yearYear of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* $'$/& &* $, , $ "

    1 &'&/, $'* &, + $) 22.40 "

    Method 1 (using the proportionality factors p i,i+1)

    Method 2 (using the proportionality factors p1,i)

    The incrementalrun-off triangle

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    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 $&/ $))* $))+ $)) $)). $)))1 $&+ $)) $)). $)) $)). $)))

    2 $&$ $)$) $))+ $)) $)). $)))

    3 $&*/ $)$, $))+ $)) $)). $)))

    4 $&, - 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)35 - 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)3 01I!2)36

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    Fortis Bank InsuranceCorporate Actuarial Control

    The %old& chain ladder method

    Here the proportionality factors are the mean of empirical proportionality factors.

    Calculation of the proportionality factors.

    The cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)

    2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+)

    3 +'&* .'*$, /'))

    4 +'** /',*+

    5 .'$,

    6

    $&)*& $)$$+& $))+&+ $))$/ $))+,+

    Completion of the cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&,)) +'+$$)) +'+)) +'+&.)) +'+./)) 4,456.00

    1 &'&/, +'/.*)) +'/*/)) +',))) +',&))) 4,752.40 4,752.402 &',$ .'&+.)) .'&*)) .'+))) 5,40.07 5,455.7! 5,455.7! 3 +'&* .'*$,)) /')))) 6,046.15 6,057.! 6,0!6.06 6,0!6.06 4 +'** /',*+)) 6,!71.67 6,$01.52 6,$14.4 6,$47.0! 6,$47.0! 5 . $, 7 204 7 2!6 6$ 7 1! 4 7 1 $4 7 66 66 7 66 66

    &')))

    .')))

    +')))

    +'.))

    .')))

    .'.))

    /')))

    /'.))

    ,')))

    f(;#

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    5RE6I>6

    +.*$ +'+./))

    +/, +',.+)

    +/& .'+..,

    .$,. /')/)/

    ./,& /'*+,)

    /+&$ ,'&////

    L477 RATI4 &.')/&**&$+).

    $$$/.8

    5RE6I>6) +'.*$ )) )

    )))+,$& +'/, ) .)))/..* +'/& &$* &/))$).. .'$,. ./ /&)))&/ .'/,& $.) $+)) *$)* / +&$ $,/ / )*.

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    The chain ladder method

    Calculation of the proportionality factors.

    The cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)

    2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+)

    3 +'&* .'*$, /'))

    4 +'** /',*+

    5 .'$,6

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 $&/ $))* $))+ $)) $)).1 $&,& $)) $)). $))

    2 $&,/ $))* $))+

    3 $& $)$$

    4 $&$

    5

    6

    Development yearYear of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&.

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) 4,727

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    4

    5

    6

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&,

    1 &'&/, 4,5!72

    3

    45

    6

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* 0REF3 0REF3 0REF3 0REF3 0REF3 #%&'

    1 &'&/, 0REF3 0REF3 0REF3 0REF3 #%&' #%&'

    2 &',$ 0REF3 0REF3 0REF3 #%&' #%&' #%&' 3 +'&* 0REF3 0REF3 #%&' #%&' #%&' #%&' 4 +'** 0REF3 #%&' #%&' #%&' #%&' #%&'

    5revious esti%ation (?ithout an@ correction for @ear )#Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* 0REF3 0REF3 0REF3 0REF3 #%&' #%&'

    1 &'&/, 0REF3 0REF3 0REF3 #%&' #%&' #%&' 2 &',$ 0REF3 0REF3 #%&' #%&' #%&' #%&' 3 +'&* 0REF3 #%&' #%&' #%&' #%&' #%&' 4 +'** 6,!11 6,!71.$7 6,$02.$1 6,$1.!2 6,$1.!2 6,$1.!2

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    Development year

    Year of ori 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* $'$/& &* $, , $

    1 &'&/, $'* &, + $)

    2 &',$ $'+,+ .&

    3 +'&* $'/, $)&

    4 +'** $'/.

    5 .'$,6

    Development yearYear of ori 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* $'$/& &* $, ,

    1 &'&/, $'* &, + 7

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    4

    5

    6

    Development year

    Year of ori 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* $'$/&

    1 &'&/, 1,2202

    3

    45

    6

    0REF30REF30REF3 #%&'

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    1ifference

    &

    (#

    .)

    $,

    &,

    1ifference

    /

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    For%ation Caritat' ))

    The chain ladder method' *verage co!t

    Number of claims

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 $')+&+ $')+.. $')+,. $')+,, $')+,, $')+,,

    1 $')+&) $'),$ $'), $')* $'),

    2 */.$ */,* */, *,)$

    3 *,,) *+, */

    4 $')**) $'$$.

    5 $'),/&6

    $))&$/ $))$&* $)))* )****) $)))))

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 $')+& $')+..) $')+,.) $')+,,) $')+,,) $')+,,) 1,047.701 $')+& $'),$) $'),) $')*) $'),) 1,02!.70 1,02!.702 */. */,*) */,) *,)$) $70.01 $70.01 $70.013 *,, *+,) */) $!7.6! $!7.5! $!7.5! $!7.5! 4 $')** $'$$.) 1,120.06 1,121.05 1,120.$4 1,120.$4 1,120.$45 $'),/ 1,07$.70 1,0!1.20 1,0!2.16 1,0!2.06 1,0!2.06 1,0!2.066

    Paid losses

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)

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    For%ation Caritat' ))

    2 &',$ .'&+.)) .'&*)) .'+))) 5,40.07 5,455.7! 5,455.7!3 +'&* .'*$,)) /')))) 6,046.15 6,057.! 6,0!6.06 6,0!6.064 +'** /',*+)) 6,!71.67 6,$01.52 6,$14.4 6,$47.0! 6,$47.0!

    5 .'$, 7,204. 7,2!6.6$ 7,1!.4 7,1.$4 7,66.66 7,66.666

    Incurred losses

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 +'*,. +'/* +'+*, +'+,) +'+./ +'+./

    1 .'$&. +'*+* +',& +',/) +',.)

    2 .'/$ .'/&$ .'+* .'+,)3 /', /'$* /'$&$

    4 ,'&/ ,'),

    5 ,'&.&6

    )*/*.. )*,/+/ )**.$& )**,+) $)))))

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 +'*,. +'/*)) +'+*,)) +'+,))) +'+./)) +'+./)) 4,456.001 .'$&. +'*+*)) +',&)) +',/))) +',.))) 4,750.00 4,750.002 .'/$ .'/&$)) .'+*)) .'+,))) 5,455.7! 5,455.7! 5,455.7!3 /', /'$*)) /'$&$)) 6,101.12 6,0!5.25 6,0!5.25 6,0!5.254 ,'&/ ,'),)) 6,$20.15 6,!!6.42 6,!6!.51 6,!6!.51 6,!6!.515 ,'&.& 7,12$.07 6,$61.2 6,$27.0 6,$0$.2$ 6,$0$.2$ 6,$0$.2$6

    N>6BER A! C47T (I# A! C47T T4T C47 T4T C47 LATE7T RE7 (I#) $')+,,) +. +. ++./ ++./ +'+./ -$ $ ) ,) + / + / +,.) +,. + ,&) )

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    For%ation Caritat' ))

    Development year

    Year of ori 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &) +$ +$ +& +& +.

    1 && +.+ +./ +.* +/)

    AERA!E Paid losses

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    For%ation Caritat' ))

    2 +)$ .. .. ..* 5.60 5.62 5.62 3 +&+ /)$ /$) 6.12 6.1 6.16 6.16 4 ++ /), 6.14 6.16 6.17 6.20 6.20

    5 +. 6.67 6.7 6.76 6.77 6.!0 6.!0 6

    Development year

    Year of ori 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 +,, ++& +* +, +. +.

    1 +* + +/. +/& +/

    2 .* . ./, ./+3 /+ /* /$

    4 //, /&+

    5 /&6

    )*//$ )*,.&) )**+$ )**,.$ $)))))

    Development yearYear of ori 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 +,, ++& +* +, +. +. 4.251 +* + +/. +/& +/ 4.62 4.62 2 .* . ./, ./+ 5.62 5.62 5.62 3 /+ /* /$ 6.1! 6.16 6.16 6.16 4 //, /&+ 6.1! 6.14 6.1 6.1 6.15 /& 6.60 6.44 6.40 6.! 6.! 6.! 6

    RE7 (5# -

    AERA!E Incurred losses

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    The chain ladder method' +ariant "

    Estimation of the linear least s"uare parameters

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5

    0 $&/ $))* $))+ $)) $)).

    1 $&+ $)) $)). $))

    2 $&$ $)$) $))+

    3 $&*/ $)$,

    4 $&,5

    6

    Method 1 (using &cel functions)

    colu%n )= )))++

    $&,$+

    colu%n $= ))),$))/*

    colu%n = ))))$

    $))+

    colu%n &= )))).

    $))$/colu%n += $ (no least square regression nee"e"#

    Method 2 (using for*ulas)

    colu%n )= n .)

    10.0

    The d-triangle

    a)

    )

    a$

    $

    a

    a&

    &

    xi

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    1.0

    )

    $)$)

    )))).$))$/

    colu%n += $))+, (no least square regression nee"e"#

    Completion of the d-triangle

    Method 1 (using &cel functions)

    Development yearYear of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5

    0 $&/+ $))* $))&* $))$/ $))+, $))))1 $&&, $)),* $)).$ $))$ 1.0047 $))))2 $&) $))** $))+$ 1.0027 1.0047 $))))3 $&*. $)$,+ 1.0046 1.002 1.0047 $))))4 $&,+ 1.0047 1.007 1.0047 $))))5 1.$4 1.0206 1.004! 1.004 1.0047 $))))

    6

    Method 2 (using for*ulas)

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5

    0 $&/+ $))* $))&* $))$/ $))+, $))))1 $&&, $)),* $)).$ $))$ 1.0047 $))))2 $&) $))** $))+$ 1.0027 1.0047 $))))

    3 $&*. $)$,+ 1.0046 1.002 1.0047 $))))4 $&,+ 1.017$ 1.0047 1.007 1.0047 $))))5 1.$4 1.0206 1.004! 1.004 1.0047 $))))6

    xi

    yi

    xiyi(x

    i)

    a&

    &

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    6

    Estimated Reserves

    Year of origin #e!erve

    ) )$ +)& ,/+ -/',*+. '&)/

    Total$ -4'350

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    6

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    6

    6

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    The chain ladder method' +ariant ""

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 )*&) )*,$ )**+ )**, $)))

    1 )*/+ )*// )**. )**

    2 )**$ )*,. )**/

    3 )* )**4 )*/,5

    6

    t-: 5

    : )i

    ) $ )*&). )*&)+.$ )*/& $*,../ & )**$ *,&.*/& + )* &*.)/+ . )*/,+ +&/

    )*,+,.&

    t-: .

    : $

    i

    Calculation of the #eighted average of each column $#i%&$ i'%'()*)

    The d-triangle

    alculation d0

    ?i)

    "i)

    ?i)"

    i)

    ")

    alculation d1

    ? " ? "

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    i) + )**/* &*,+,$ . )**,* +**+*/

    )**,++$

    t-: : +

    i) . $)))) .

    $

    Completion of the d-triangle

    )*,+

    )*,,

    )**.

    )**,+

    $))))

    ". $))))

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 )*&) )*,$ )**+ )**, $))) $)))

    1 )*/+ )*// )**. )** 1.000 $)))

    2 )**$ )*,. )**/ 0.$$7 1.000 $)))

    3 )* )** " 0.$$7 1.000 $)))

    4 )*/, 0.$7! " 0.$$7 1.000 $)))

    5 0.$75 0.$7! 0.$$7 1.000 $)))6

    ?i&

    "i&

    ?i&"

    i&

    "&

    alculation d4

    ?i+

    "i+

    ?i$"

    i+

    "+

    ")

    "$

    "

    "&

    "+

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    6

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    Estimated Reserves

    Year of origin #e!erve

    ) )$ ) -$+& -/'))+ -/',*+. -.'$,

    Total$ -1('045

    F ti B k I

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    The chain ladder method' +ariant """

    The logarithm of the cumulative run-off triangle.The cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)

    2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+)

    3 +'&* .'*$, /'))

    4 +'** /',*+5 .'$,6

    ln%,umulative triangle&

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 ), & &* +) +) +)

    1 $ +. +. +/ +/2 / . .* /)3 &. /* ,)4 .) 5 ./6

    Estimation of the lineair least s"uare parameters

    Method 1 (using &cel functions)colu%n )= )$)+/+*&

    ).)$*,)*

    colu%n $= ) $$)//,&&

    0

    a)

    1

    Fortis Bank Insurance

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    Cost level ad%ustment of the incremental run-off triangle

    The incremental run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* $'$/& &* $, , $

    1 &'&/, $'* &, + $)

    2 &',$ $'+,+ .&

    3 +'&* $'/, $)&

    4 +'** $'/.

    5 .'$,

    6 -

    n-%i& (n < /#Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 .)) +)) &)) )) $)) )))1 +)) &)) )) $)) )))2 &)) )) $)) )))3 )) $)) )))4 $)) )))5 )))6

    The /-run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 .'+$/$+ $'),* .&) )$ ,+, Err=.)+1 .'$$,** $')&$ +.. /.. $)))2 .'**/ $'++& .*)) ))3 .'/, $',/** $)&))4 . +, *, $ /. ))

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    Fortis Bank InsuranceCorporate Actuarial Control

    colu*n 1

    $n-: .

    i

    ) $'),* &/+$.,$ & $')&$ .++*+ + $'++& ,&,,**& . $',/** *&+*+*+ / $'/.)) $$$*). , ))) )

    , &,)$,.

    $&,$)/+colu*n 2

    n-: +

    i

    ) & .&) $/$&*.&$ + +.. $&&**/ . .*)) *+**+,& / $)&)) /$+ , ))) )

    . $.,,*

    .)&$$.$colu*n

    &n-: &

    i ) + )$ &&&*,$ . /.. $&,/& / )) $&

    i'01 ;Di'$ i'0 /i'1

    ;D$

    i'2

    ;Di'

    i'2

    /i'2

    ;D

    i'3;D

    i'& i'3 /i'3

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    Fortis Bank InsuranceCorporate Actuarial Control

    colu*n 6

    /n-: )

    i

    ) , ))) ), )

    )

    The completed +,-run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 .'+$/$+ $'),* .&) )$ ,+, Err=.)+ )))1 .'$$,** $')&$ +.. /.. $))) &rr504 0.00 2 .'**/ $'++& .*)) )) 5.41 &rr504 0.00 3 .'/, $',/** $)&)) 15.!2 5.41 &rr504 0.00 4 .'+,*, $'/.)) 50.1 15.!2 5.41 &rr504 0.00 5 .'$,)) 1,71.06 50.1 15.!2 5.41 &rr504 0.00 6

    Reversion of the cost level ad%ustmenti-n

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 -.)) -+)) -&)) -)) -$)) )))1 -+)) -&)) -)) -$)) ))) $))2 -&)) -)) -$)) ))) $)) ))3 -)) -$)) ))) $)) )) &))

    4 -$)) ))) $)) )) &)) +))5 ))) $)) )) &)) +)) .))6

    i'6 ;Di'/ i'6 /i'6

    ;D/

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    Fortis Bank InsuranceCorporate Actuarial Control

    Estimated Reserves

    Year of origin #e!erve

    ) Err=.)+

    $ Err=.)+ Err=.)+& Err=.)++ Err=.)+. Err=.)+

    Total$ rr$504

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    Corporate Actuarial Control

    The chain ladder method' +ariant "+

    The logarithm of the cumulative run-off triangle.The cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)

    2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+)

    3 +'&* .'*$, /'))

    4 +'** /',*+5 .'$,6

    ln%,umulative triangle&

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 ), & &* +) +) +)

    1 $ +. +. +/ +/2 / . .* /)3 &. /* ,)4 .) 5 ./6

    Estimation of the lineair least s"uare parameters

    Method 1 (using &cel functions)colu%n )= )$)+/+*&

    ).)$*,)*

    l $ ) $$)//,&&

    a)

    )

    a

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    Corporate Actuarial Control

    5 ) Err=.)+su% .. Err=.)+

    )$)+/+* Err=.)+ ,,.*)

    )$$)//, Err=.)+ $,*,+

    )$),,. Err=.)+ $))$/*)$)$),&* Err=.)+ ++.+&+

    ))/+&*,/ Err=.)+ $)//.$/

    Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+su% Err=.)+

    Cost level ad%ustment of the incremental run-off triangle

    The incremental run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+)

    3 +'&* .'*$, /'))4 +'** /',*+5 .'$,6

    n-%i& (n < .#Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 . + & $ )1 + & $ )2 & $ )3 $ )

    ?.

    5

    0

    '0

    ?)01

    '1

    ?$1

    2

    '2

    ?2

    3

    3?

    &3

    4

    '4

    ?+4

    5

    '5

    ?.5

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    Corporate Actuarial Control

    colu*n 0

    )n-: /

    i

    ) $ Err=.)+ Err=.)+$ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ & Err=.)+ Err=.)+& + Err=.)+ Err=.)++ . Err=.)+ Err=.)+. / Err=.)+ Err=.)+/ , Err=.)+ Err=.)+

    Err=.)+Err=.)+

    colu*n 1

    $n-: .

    i

    ) Err=.)+ Err=.)+$ & Err=.)+ Err=.)+ + Err=.)+ Err=.)+& . Err=.)+ Err=.)++ / Err=.)+ Err=.)+. , Err=.)+ Err=.)+

    , Err=.)+

    Err=.)+colu*n 2

    n-: +

    i

    ) & Err=.)+ Err=.)+

    i'0 ;Di') i'0 /i'0

    ;D)

    i'01

    ;Di'$

    i'0

    /i'1

    ;D$

    i'2

    ;Di'

    i'2

    /i'2

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    Corporate Actuarial Control

    +n-:

    i

    ) . Err=.)+ Err=.)+$ / Err=.)+ Err=.)+ , Err=.)+ Err=.)+

    $ Err=.)+

    Err=.)+colu*n 5

    .n-: $

    i

    ) / Err=.)+ Err=.)+$ , Err=.)+ Err=.)+

    $& Err=.)+

    Err=.)+colu*n 6

    /

    n-: )i

    ) , 0!AL>E3 0!AL>E3, 0!AL>E3

    0!AL>E3

    The completed +,-run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 60 Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ 0!AL>E31 Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ #-/&2 Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ &rr504 #-/&

    i'4

    ;Di'+

    i'4

    /i'4

    ;D+

    i'5 ;Di'. i'5 /i'5

    ;D.

    i'6

    ;Di'/

    i'6

    /i'6

    ;D/

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    Corporate Actuarial Control

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ 0!AL>E3

    1 Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ #-/&2 Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ &rr504 #-/&3 Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ &rr504 &rr504 #-/& 4 Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 #-/& 5 Err=.)+ Err=.)+ &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 #-/& 6 Err=.)+ &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 #-/&

    The completed cumulative run-off triangle

    Development yearYear of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 ')/)) Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+1 ')&$)) Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ &rr5042 '$/+)) Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ &rr504 &rr5043 '&))) Err=.)+ Err=.)+ Err=.)+ &rr504 &rr504 &rr5044 '+/)) Err=.)+ Err=.)+ &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 &rr5045 '/.$)) Err=.)+ &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 &rr504

    6 &')+)) &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 &rr504 &rr504

    Estimated Reserves

    Year of origin #e!erve

    ) ))$ Err=.)+ Err=.)+& Err=.)++ Err=.)+. Err=.)+/ Err=.)+

    Total$ rr$504

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    Corporate Actuarial Control

    The chain ladder method

    Calculation of the proportionality factors.

    The final lo!! run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 +'*,. +'/* +'+*, +'+,) +'+./ +'+./

    1 .'$&. +'*+* +',& +',/) +',.)

    2 .'/$ .'/&$ .'+* .'+,)

    3 /', /'$* /'$&$4 ,'&/ ,'),

    5 ,'&.&6

    $)&$+ $)+$ $))+* $))/ $))))

    )*/*.. )*,/+/ )**.$& )**,+) $))))) 1E!EL45

    Completion of the cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 +'*,. +'/*)) +'+*,)) +'+,))) +'+./)) +'+./)) 4,456.00

    1 .'$&. +'*+*)) +',&)) +',/))) +',.))) 4,750.00 4,750.00

    2 .'/$ .'/&$)) .'+*)) .'+,))) 5,455.7! 5,455.7! 5,455.7!

    3 /', /'$*)) /'$&$)) /'$)$$ 6,0!5.25 6,0!5.25 6,0!5.25 4 ,'&/ ,'),)) 6,$20.15 6,!!6.42 6,!6!.51 6,!6!.51 6,!6!.515 ,'&.& 7,12$.07 6,$61.2 6,$27.0 6,$0$.2$ 6,$0$.2$ 6,$0$.2$6

    p:

    Method 1 (using the proportionality factors pi,i+1

    )

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    Corporate Actuarial Control

    Calculation of the proportionality factors.

    The final lo!! run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of ori 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)

    2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+)

    3 +'&* .'*$, /'))4 +'** /',*+

    5 .'$,6

    ),+$ )*, )**., )**$ )**.&

    6ENT FAC $&)*& $)$$+& $))+&+ $))$/ $))+,+ 1E!EL45

    Completion of the cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of ori 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&,)) +'+$$)) +'+)) +'+&.)) +'+./)) 4,456.00

    1 &'&/, +'/.*)) +'/*/)) +',))) +',&))) 4,752.40 4,752.40

    2 &',$ .'&+.)) .'&*)) .'+))) 5,40.07 5,455.7! 5,455.7!

    3 +'&* .'*$,)) /')))) 6,046.15 6,057.! 6,0!6.06 6,0!6.064 +'** /',*+)) 6,!71.67 6,$01.52 6,$14.4 6,$47.0! 6,$47.0!5 .'$, 7,204. 7,2!6.6$ 7,1!.4 7,1.$4 7,66.66 7,66.66 6

    p:

    Method 1 (using the proportionality factors pi,i+1

    )

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    Corporate Actuarial Control

    6ENT FACT4R7

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    Corporate Actuarial Control

    The +ylder! ea!t uare ethod.

    Calculation of the proportionality factors.

    The cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./

    1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&)

    2 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+)

    3 +'&* .'*$, /'))4 +'** /',*+

    5 .'$,6

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 60 &')* $'$/& &* $, , $

    1 &'&/, $'* &, + $)

    2 &',$ $'+,+ .&

    3 +'&* $'/, $)&

    4 +'** $'/.

    5 .'$,6

    The regression "ataset ) $ & line colu%n L) L$ L L&

    & )* ) ) $ ) ) )

    The incrementalrun-off triangle

    Fortis Bank InsuranceCorporate Actuarial Control

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    p

    tatistiues de la r3gression

    Coefficient "e )**..+)&.

    Coefficient " )**$$)).+)&Coefficient " )*)$))/

    Erreur-t@pe +&*,+&,.+

    4servations $

    ANALG7E 1E !ARIANCE

    egr3 de liert3 **e des carryenne des car ' aleur critiue de '

    RHgression $) //*$&$ //*$&$ $$$&//&, /,+*E-))*

    RHsi"us $) .*.&+,. .*.&+,.Total ) //+&///

    oefficients &rreur"type tatistiue t roailit3 e pour seuil de c pour seuil de

    Constante $/.. &,,../* ++/.+.,/ )))$). ++/+.&+$, .,))+//

    L) -$//+. $))* -.,,/$/ ))))$,), -&)/,.&*,+ -$)*/)$

    L$ -$/).. $))* -..,&/* ))))&/$& -+,,.&*,+ -*/&*/)$&

    L -$+&. *)/,), -+*&*$. ))))/+/$ -),$+,/ -,,/$/,&

    L& -$$/*. */&).,*$ -&*+)&/ ))),&* -$&))&.++ -.)*/$+..,L+ -/)., &)/)./ -$*//*, )),).,+ -$*&&$//. $*$//.

    C) &.&$$,. $))* $./,/, &*&.E-)), *+/)$. +$,&$)&**

    C$ $$).,. $))* &,)+&.+ )))&&&+*+ +/)/+/)$.,, $,++.)&**

    C -$/$,. *)/,), -)../+/* ).*)$+, -)*+),,/$* +.*),,/

    C& -$)) */&).,*$ -)&&,+*$ ),+,.$* -,/)$)++,. ./)$)++&

    C+ -+ &)/)./ -)$&/)*.*+ )*+++/$ -,*/$//+ /+./$//

    ANALG7E 1E7 R7I1>7 R5ARTITI4N 1E7 5R4BABILIT7

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    The incured proected run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 60 &'.. $'$+ ($+$# (,*# ($# $

    1 &'/$$ $'$& (# ()# & )

    2 &',*& $'&/. $)) $/ ) /

    3 +')+, $'/$* &.+ +$/ +,+ .$/

    4 +'/$$ '$& *$ *) $')& $'))

    5 .'$, ', $'.+ $'./ $'/++ $'//6

    &'.&$ $$).,. -$/$,. ($))# (+# -

    Estimated Reserves

    Year of origin #e!erve

    ) )$ ) +&+ +)$,. *

    Total$

    #e!idual!

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 (&+ &* $) */ -1 (++# $)* $$* ++ (#2 , $)* (+,# ($+)#3 $* .* (.$#

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    + ) $ & + .L+ C) C$ C C& C+ C.

    ) $ ) ) ) ) )

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    our seuil de c our seuil de confiance $5,08

    ++/+.&+ .,))+//

    -&)/,.&** -$)*/)$

    -+,,.&** -*/&*/)$&

    -),$+,, -,,/$/,&

    -$&))&.++ -.)*/$+..,-$*&&$//& $*$//.

    *+/)$ +$,&$)&**

    +/)/+/)$& $,++.)&**

    -)*+),,/ +.*),,/

    -,/)$)++& ./)$)++&

    -,*/$// /+./$//

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    ($'//.#

    ($'/)/#

    ($'++#

    ($'$,)#

    (/)/#

    -

    $'//

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    The +ylder! ea!t uare ethod.

    Estimation of the parameters

    The triangle of the model

    Development yearYear of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    The incremental run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* $'$/& &* $, , $

    1 &'&/, $'* &, + $)

    2 &',$ $'+,+ .&

    3 +'&* $'/, $)&

    4 +'** $'/.

    5 .'$,6

    "teration

    1. ).)))) )&)))) ))))) )$)))) )).))) ))+))) +*+ .&)& /)*) /*., *+2. )./,& )*&) ))$)&& )))&+ )))$// )))+$ ..,+ .* /,/, ,+.$ /$)3. ).,)/, )$$, )))*&+ )))&+. )))$+* )))&,, ../ .*) /,) ,+/& //4. ).,), )$,, )))*&& )))&++ )))$+* )))&,/ ../ .*)& /,) ,+/& //5. ).,), )$,,, )))*&& )))&++ )))$+* )))&,/ ../ .*)& /,) ,+/& //

    ))/.,re!caled ),),/, ),))) ))$$./ )))+, )))$+ )))+// +.). .+/ /)$* /*./ /+&.

    The resulting parameters

    ) ,),/, + .). +,.$

    p)7

    )p

    $7

    )p

    7

    )p

    &7

    )p

    +7

    )p

    .7

    )p

    /7

    )

    p)7

    $p

    $7

    $p

    7

    $p

    &7

    $p

    +7

    $p

    .7

    $

    p)7

    p

    $7

    p

    7

    p

    &7

    p

    +7

    p)7

    &p

    $7

    &p

    7

    &p

    &7

    &

    p)7

    +p

    $7

    +p

    7

    +

    p)7

    .p

    $7

    .

    p)7

    /

    p0

    p1

    p2

    p3

    p4

    p5

    70

    71

    72

    73

    74

    su% p:

    p r 7 r

    FortCorporat

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    ),))) .'+/+,

    ))$$./ /')$*$.

    )))+, /'*./)&)

    )))$+ /'+&.&.&

    )))+// ,'&,$&

    The completed incremental run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &'$&, $'$/+/ .$) $*+ &) $))1 &'/*/ $'+,/+, /&+ &&. $)), 25.4$2 +'.*.. $'/.$. /*/$ .,) 11.0$ 2!.06 3 +'*/, $',$. )++ 2$.70 12.!1 2.42 4 +'..+) $',&,. 74.42 27.4! 11.!5 0.00 5 .'$,)) 1,$$0.45 !5.25 1.4! 1.5! 4.6 6

    The completed cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &'$&, +'+)+& +'+./*+ +'+,/$ +'+++ +'.).+1 &'/*/ .'&+/&& .'+)*., .'+&* .'++** 5,46!.4!2 +'.*.. .'+,$ .'*.+&$ .'*)) 5,$$1.10 6,01$.163 +'*/, /')) /'$/ 6,$10.$7 6,$2.7! 6,$56.204 +'..+) /'*$/) 6,66.02 6,$.50 6,405.6 6,45.5 5 .'$,)) 7,207.45 7,2$2.70 7,24.1! 7,7.76 7,72.12 6

    p1

    r 71

    r

    p2

    r 72

    r

    p3

    r 73

    r

    p4

    r 74

    r

    p5r 75

    r

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    The linear *rithmetic eparation ethod

    Estimation of the parameters

    The triangle of the model

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5

    0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    The incremental run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 50 &')* $'$/& &* $, , $

    1 &'&/, $'* &, + $)

    2 &',$ $'+,+ .&

    3 +'&* $'/, $)&

    4 +'** $'/.

    5 .'$,6

    ,'&))

    In this e;a%ple the seperation %etho" starts fro% the non-cu%ulative triangle e assu%e therefotriangle that ?as given al?a@s has an esti%ate of one acci"ent at the en" of @ear )

    r00

    r11

    r22

    r33

    r44

    r55

    r01

    r12

    r23

    r34

    r45

    r02

    r13

    r24

    r35

    r03

    r14

    r25

    r04

    r15

    r05

    alculation of r5and

    5

    5

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    Estimation of the parameters corresponding to the future calender years.

    ) +'&*$ +'$./

    $ +'/)/ +',.*

    .'+) .'&/$

    & .',*$ .'*/+

    + /',$) /'./,. ,'& ,'$,)

    / 7,77

    , !,75

    !,$7!

    * $,5!1

    $) 10,1!4

    $$ 10,7!7$ 11,$0

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    6

    Fortis Bank InsuranceCorporate Actuarial Control

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    The completed cumulative run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5

    0 &')* +'&, +'+$$ +'+ +'+&. +'+./1 &'&/, +'/.* +'/*/ +',) +',&) 4,752 &',$ .'&+. .'&* .'+) 5,42$ 5,4543 +'&* .'*$, /')) 6,045 6,055 6,0!14 +'** /',*+ 6,!66 6,!$ 6,$04 6,$2 5 .'$, 7,1!0 7,25! 7,2!6 7,2$! 7,2! 6

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    6

    6

    re that the

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    ,&)+*...$

    )*,./

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    Fortis Bank InsuranceCorporate Actuarial Control

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    6

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    The linear *rithmetic eparation ethod

    Estimation of the parameters

    The triangle of the model

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0

    12

    3

    4

    5

    6

    The incremental run-off triangle

    Development year

    Year of origin 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    0 &')* $'$/& &* $, , $

    1 &'&/, $'* &, + $)

    2 &',$ $'+,+ .&

    3 +'&* $'/, $)&

    4 +'** $'/.

    5 .'$,6

    In this e;a%ple the seperation %etho" starts fro% the non-cu%ulative triangle e assu%e therefore thatthe triangle that ?as given al?a@s has an esti%ate of one acci"ent at the en" of @ear )

    r00

    r11

    r22

    r33

    r44

    r55

    r01 r12 r23 r34 r45r02

    r13

    r24

    r35

    r03

    r14

    r25

    r04

    r15

    r05

    alculation of r and

    Fortis Bank InsuranceCorporate Actuarial Control

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    Estimation of the parameters corresponding to the future calender years.

    ) +'&*$ +//,).$&

    $ +'/)/ +,+/$,,/

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