ch10personalitydis
DESCRIPTION
chapter 10 personality disordersTRANSCRIPT
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/Fearful Personality Disorders
Stable mood and low levels of impulsive urge.
Occasional thoughts of spontaneity in a socially adaptive way.
Acts different in different situations depending on the social context.
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Emotions
Cognitions
Behaviors
Normal
Occasional mood swings and impulsive urges.
Occasional thoughts of spontaneous activity suchas stealing.
Acts inappropriately at times in work or social situations.
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Emotions
Cognitions
Behaviors
NormalMild
Frequent mood swings and some impulsive urges butlittle impairment at work or with relationships.
Frequent odd thoughts or thoughts of dangerous activitysuch as harming self or others.
Problematic personality trait such as impulsivity or emotional reactivity shown in many situations.
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Emotions
Cognitions
Behaviors
NormalMildModerate
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Emotions
Cognitions
Behaviors
NormalMildModeratePersonality Disorder – Less Severe
Intense mood swings and impulsive urges with significant impairment at work or with relationships.
Intense thoughts of suicide, paranoia, abandonment,attention from others, vengeance, or work.
Problematic personality traits and dangerous behavior shown in almost all situations.
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Emotions
Cognitions
Behaviors
NormalMildModeratePersonality Disorder – Less SeverePersonality Disorder – More Severe
Extreme mood swings and impulsive or aggressive urges that lead to self-harm, arrest, or violence.
Extreme and constant thoughts of suicide, paranoia,abandonment, attention from others, vengeance, or work.
Problematic personality traits and dangerous behavior shown in all situations with intense distress and impairment.
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
• Paranoid• Schizoid• Schizotypal
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Personality Disorders9-15.7% of population
Odd or Eccentric Personality Disorders2.1% of population
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Personality traits related to genetics:
Emotional expression
Suspiciousness
Cognitive distortion
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Examples of Cognitions Associated with Odd or Eccentric
Schizoid, SchizotypalMy privacy is more important to me than is closeness to people
Schizoid, SchizotypalI shouldn’t confide in others
ParanoidI cannot trust other people
ParanoidOther people have hidden motives
ParanoidIt isn’t safe to confide in other people
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Biological vulnerabilities/early predispositions: Genetic vulnerability (e.g., family history of schizophrenia); Neurobiological vulnerability (e.g., cognitive and perceptual deficits; dopaminergic dysfunction)
Early family problems: Adverse family environment (e.g., parentalAbuse, emotional withdrawal)
Stressful life events: Family conflict, abuse, trauma
Cognitive-stress and behavioral vulnerabilities: Cognitive schemas (e.g., distrust, autonomy); Personality traits (e.g., restricted expression, suspiciousness)
Possible odd/eccentric personality disorder
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
• Antisocial• Borderline• Histrionic• Narcissistic
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Disregard for the safety of oneself or others
Chronic irresponsibility
Lack of remorse for having hurt or mistreated others
Repeated criminal acts that could result in arrest
Repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning
Impulsivity
Irritability and aggressiveness
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Recurrent suicidal behavior or self-mutilating behavior
Dissociation or paranoid thoughts that occur in response to stress
Chronic feeling of emptiness
Extreme attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
Impulsivity that is potentially self-damaging
Anger control problems
Lack of a sense of self, or unstable self-image
Intense and unstable interpersonal relationships
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Discomfort in situations where s/he is not the center of attention
Emotions that shift rapidly and do not seem “real”
Speech characterized by unsupported “impressions”
Very suggestible and easily influenced
Inappropriately provocative or sexually seductive interaction with others
Physical appearance is used to draw attention to oneself
Very dramatic behavior and expression of emotions
Relationships are considered much more intimate and closer than they actually are
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Extreme sense of entitlement
Interpersonally exploitative
Lack of empathy for others
Extreme sense of self-importance
Preoccupation with (unrealistic) fantasies of greatness and importance
Belief that one’s “uniqueness” can only be understood by special or high-status people
Excessive need for admiration
Frequent envy or belief that others are envious of him or her
Arrogant behavior and attitude
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Amygdala
Hypothalamus
Prefrontal cortex
Somatosensory cortex
Thalamus
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Childhood maltreatment
Poor parental bonding
Cognitive beliefs
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Biological vulnerabilities/early predispositions: Genetic vulnerability (e.g., family history of mood or impulsive disorders); Neurobiological vulnerability (e.g., impulsive aggression; affective instability; serotonergic or noradrenergic dysfunction)
Early family problems: Adverse family environment (e.g., child abuse, poor parental bonding, inconsistent parenting)
Stressful life events: Family conflict, abuse, trauma
Cognitive-stress and behavioral vulnerabilities: Cognitive schemas (e.g., immediate gratification, dramatic); Personality traits (e.g., emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, callousness)
Possible dramatic personality disorder
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Anxious/fearful Personality Disorders
• Avoidant• Dependent• Obsessive-
Compulsive
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Avoidance of situations that may involve significant interpersonal contact because of fear of disapproval, criticism, or rejection
Reluctance to get involved with other people unless there is some degree of certainty that she or he will be liked
Restrained close relationships because of a fear of being embarrassed or ridiculed
Preoccupied with the thought of being criticized or rejected in social situations
Feelings of inadequacy cause him or her to be inhibited in new social situations
Believes self to be inept, unappealing, and inferior
Very risk-aversive and unlikely to engage in any new activities because of the fear of being embarrassed
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Giving up responsibility for major areas of his or her life
Extreme difficulty in doing things independently because of a lack of self-confidence
Frequently feels helpless or uncomfortable and fears being unable to take care of oneself
Difficulty making simple decisions without advice and reassurance from others
Fears of loss of support or approval cause him or her to censor any disagreement with others
Desperate to get support and nurturance from others
Moves from relationship to relationship to ensure care and support
Greatly fears being left alone to take care of himself or herself
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Personality traits related to anxious/fearful personality disorders
Behavioral inhibition
Tendency to anticipate harm
Excessive sensitivity to negative events
Heightened arousal
Tendency to see threat in benign events
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Biological vulnerabilities/early predispositions: Genetic vulnerability (e.g., family history of anxiety disorders); Neurobiological vulnerability (e.g., anxiety or inhibition; noradrenergic or GABA dysfunction)
Early family problems: Adverse family environment (e.g., insecure attachment to parents; rejection by parents)
Stressful life events: Family conflict, abuse, trauma
Cognitive-stress and behavioral vulnerabilities: Cognitive schemas (e.g., low self-esteem, ten to catastrophize); Personality traits (e.g., anxiousness, inhibition, submissiveness)
Possible anxious/fearful personality disorder
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment
Medication
Ease anxiety and depression
Stabilize mood
Reduce psychotic symptoms
Organization of Personality Disorders
Odd or EccentricPersonality Disorders
Dramatic Personality Disorders
Anxious/FearfulPersonalityDisorders
PersonalityDisorders:Causes andPrevention
PersonalityDisorders:Assessmentand Treatment