ch1 intro to instrumentation

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Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 4/18/2004 1

Lecture-1


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Good morning

We have two ears and one mouth, so we

should listen more than we say


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Lecture-1

Introduction to

Measurement & Instrumentation

InstructorEngr. Abdullahi Mohamed Haji Nur

Deartment o! Ele"tri"al and Ele"troni"s Engineering

Hormud #niversity


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Introduction to

Measurement & Instrumentation


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Presentation Outline

Definition of meaurement and intrumentation !aic re"uirement

Significance of meaurement

Method of meaurement Intrument and Meaurement S#tem

$%aification of Intrument

T#&e of Intrumentation #tem

'%ement of genera%i(ed meaurement #tem )unctiona% e%ement of an intrument

Standard


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Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 4/18/2004 *

Defnition

Measurement+ method to obtain information regarding the

&h#ica% a%ue of the ariab%e-

Meaurement of a gien "uantit# i eentia%%# an

act or reu%t of com&arion bet.een the "uantit#.hoe magnitude i unno.n and

&redetermined or &redefined tandard-

T.o "uantitie are com&ared the reu%t i

e&reed in numerica% a%ue-


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Instrumentation

+n intrument i a deice in .hich .e candetermine the magnitude or a%ue of the "uantit#

to be meaured-

Deice ued in meaurement #tem


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Why measurement?

To im&roe the "ua%it# of the &roduct To im&roe the efficienc# of &roduction

To maintain the &ro&er o&eration-


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Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 4/18/2004

Why instrumentation?

To ac"uire data or information about &arameter, in

term of

&utting the numerica% a%ue to the &h#ica%

"uantitie

maing meaurement other.ie inacceib%e- data i ac"uired b# the intrumentation #tem-


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Basic requirements for a meaningful measurement

The tandard ued for com&arion &ur&oe

mut be accurate%# defined and hou%d be

common%# acce&ted-The a&&aratu ued and the method ado&ted

mut be &roab%e erifiab%e-


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Signifcance o Measurement

Im&ortance of Meaurement i im&%# e&reed in

the fo%%o.ing tatement of famou &h#icit 6ord

Ke%in 7I often say that when you can measure whatyou are speaking about and can express it in

numbers, you know something about it; when you

cannot express in it numbers your knowledge is of

meager (Insufficient) and unsatisfactory kind7


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Signifcance o Measurement

Man# o&eration re"uire meaurement for &ro&er&erformance-

)or eam&%e In modern centra% &o.er tation,

tem&erature, &reure, etc, are monitored b#

meaurement to enure &ro&er &erformance- Meaurement i a%o a bae for commerce,

becaue the cot of the &roduct are etab%ihed on

the bai of amount of materia%, &o.er,e&enditure of time and %abor, and other contraint-


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Methods o Measurement

Direct Method Indirect Method

DI9'$T M'T:;DS In thee method, the

unno.n "uantit# ca%%ed the meaurand i direct%#

com&ared againt a tandard-

I


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Methods o Measurement

Meaurement of an# "uantit# ino%e t.o&arameter the magnitude of the a%ue and unit

of meaurement- )or intance, if .e hae to meaure

the tem&erature .e can a# it i 10 degree $- :ere

the a%ue =107 i the magnitude and =$7 .hich tandfor =$e%iu7 i the unit of meaurement-


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Systems

Meaurement ino%e the ue of intrument a a

&h#ica% mean of determining "uantitie or

ariab%e-

!ecaue of integrated nature of the e%ement .ithinit, it i common to refer the meauring intrument a

a M'+S>9'M'


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Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 4/18/2004 1*

system

)unction of intrument and meauring #tem canbe c%aified into three- The# are

i Indicating function-

ii 9ecording function-

iii $ontro%%ing function- +&&%ication of meaurement #tem are

i Monitoring of &roce and o&eration-

ii $ontro% of &rocee and o&eration- iii '&erimenta% engineering ana%#i-


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Types o Instrumentation System

Inte%%igent Intrumentation data ha been refined

for the &ur&oe of &reentation

Dumb Intrumentation data mut be &roceed b#the oberer


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Elements o enerali!ed Measurement System

@rimar# ening e%ement-Aariab%e conerion e%ement-

Data &reentation e%ement-


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PRIMARY SENSING ELEMENT The "uantit# under

meaurement mae it firt contact .ith the

&rimar# ening e%ement of a meaurement #tem-

!ARIABLE "#N!ERSI#N ELEMENT It conert

the out&ut of the &rimar# ening e%ement intouitab%e form to &reere the information content of

the origina% igna%-

$ATA PRESENTATI#N ELEMENT The information

about the "uantit# under meaurement ha to becone#ed to the &eronne% hand%ing the intrument

or the #tem for monitoring, contro% or ana%#i

&ur&oe-

F i l El


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Functional Elements o anInstrumentation System

PRIMARY

SENSING

ELEMENT

VARIABLE

!NVER

-SI!N

ELEMENT

VARIABLE

MANIP"LATI-

!N ELEMENT

#ATA

TRANSMISSI!-

N ELEMENT

#ATA !N#ITI!NING ELEMENT

INTERME#IATE STAGE#ETET!R

TRANS#"ER

STAGE

TERMINATING

STAGE

$"ANTITY

T! BE

MEAS"RE#

#ATA

PRESENTA

TI!N ELEMENT


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Standards

+ tandard i a &h#ica% re&reentation of a unit ofmeaurement- The term BtandardC i a&&%ied to a

&iece of e"ui&ment haing a no.n meaure of

&h#ica% "uantit#-


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Types o Standards

$nternational %tandards &de!ined based oninternational agreement '

(rimary %tandards &maintained by national

standards laboratories'

%e"ondary %tandards & used by industrialmeasurement laboratories'

Wor)ing %tandards & used in general laboratory'


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Types o Standards

*e!eren"es

+.. -uta, A "ourse in Ele"troni" andEle"tri"al Measurements

Alan. %. Morris, (rin"iles o! Measurementsand $nstrumentation, nd Edition.


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$iscussion

%

Summar&


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That i +%% for toda#


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Tan,Steinbach, Kumar Introduction to Data Mining 4/18/2004 2*


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ch1 intro to instrumentation

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