ch04_final - telecommunications and networking
TRANSCRIPT
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E. Wainright Martin
Carol V. Brown
Daniel W. DeHayesJeffrey A. HofferWilliam C. Perkins
MANAGINGMANAGINGINFORMATIONINFORMATION
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYFIFH EDII!"
CHAPTER 4
TELECOMMUNICATIONSAND NETWORKING
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S%ar!n( o) e"%no$o(* reso+r"es
S%ar!n( o) ,aa
D!sr!-+e, ,aa &ro"ess!n( an, "$!en.ser/er s*ses
En%an"e, "o+n!"a!ons
Mar1e!n( o+rea"%
THE NEED FOR NETWORKING
Page 96-97
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AN O3ER3IEW OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONSAND NETWORKING
Page 97-98
Networking4
%e e$e"ron!" $!n1!n( o) (eo(ra&%!"a$$* ,!s&erse, ,e/!"es
Telecommunications4
"o+n!"a!ons /o!"e an, ,aa6 a a ,!san"e
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Page 98 Table 4! "unctions o# aTelecommunications Network
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGAnalog and Digital Signals
Page 98-!$$
Ana$o( ne7or1+ses "on!n+o+s /o$a(e /ar*!n( asa )+n"!on o) !e
E8a&$e9 /o!"e o/er e$e&%one $!nes
D!(!a$ ne7or1,!re"$* rans!s 7o ,!s"ree saes
Noe9 0 )or &+$se o)) an, : )or &+$se on
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGAnalog and Digital Signals
Page 99
%o&em
De/!"e nee,e, 7%en rans!!n( ,aa o/er ana$o( $!nes Con/ers ,aa )ro ,!(!a$ o ana$o( o -e sen o/er ana$o(
e$e&%one $!nes
A$so re"on/ers ,aa -a"1 o ,!(!a$ a)er ,aa rans!ss!on
A--re/!a!on )ormo
,+$aor.dem
o,+$aor
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Analog and Digital Signals
Page 99"igure 4! 'se o# %o&em in Analog Network
KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGSpeed of Transmission
Page !$$
(an&wi&t)4> ,!))eren"e -e7een %!(%es an, $o7es )re?+en"!es
"*"$es &er se"on,6 %a "an -e rans!e, on a
s!n($e e,!+> "oon eas+re o) a e,!+@s "a&a"!*
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGSpeed of Transmission
Page !$$
Hert* + "*"$es &er se"on,
(au& + n+-er o) s!(na$s sen &er se"on,
(its ,er secon& b,s. + n+-er o) -!s sen &er se"on,
When each cycle sends one signal that transmits exactly onebit of data (often the case), then the three terms are identicalNote/Note/
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Transmission Lines
Page !$!
0witc)e& line s1stem
E8a&$e9 &+-$!" e$e&%one s*se Uses s7!"%!n( "eners o ro+e s!(na$s a$on( -es &oss!-$e &a% o
,es!na!on
Pri2ate &e&icate&. lines Lease, )ro "o&an!es s+"% as MCIB S&r!nB ATT
Use ,!re" &%*s!"a$ $!nes -e7een so+r"e an, ,es!na!on
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Transmission Lines
Page !$!
0im,le3 + ,aa ra/e$s !n one ,!re"!on on$* Hal#-&u,le3 + ,aa "an ra/e$ !n -o% ,!re"!onsB -+ on$* one
,!re"!on a a !e
"ull-&u,le3 + ,aa ra/e$s !n -o% ,!re"!ons a %e sae !e
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Transmission Media
Page !$!
KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
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Transmission Media
Page !$!
KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING Typical Speeds
Table 4 Telecommunications Transmission 0,ee&s
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Transmission Media
Page !$
KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
"igure 45 Construction o# a Coa3ial Cable
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Cor,$ess e$e&%one
Ce$$+$ar &%one
W!re$ess LAN
M!"ro7a/e
Sae$$!e
Transmission Media
Page !$
ireless4-roa,"as e"%no$o(* !n 7%!"% ra,!o s!(na$s are sen o+
!no %e a!r
KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
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Transmission Media
Page !$
KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
"igure 44 0atellite Communications
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Transmission Lines
Page !$-!$6
"iber-o,tic cabling
Ne7es rans!ss!on e,!+ Trans!s ,aa -* &+$ses o) $!(% %ro+(% %!n )!-er o) ($ass
M+"% )aser %an o%er e,!a
T%!nner re?+!res $ess s&a"e
More se"+re %ar,er o a&
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTopology of Networks
Page !$6
To,olog14er +se, o ,es"r!-e %e "on)!(+ra!on or
arran(een o) ne7or1 ,e/!"es an, e,!a
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Topology of Networks
Page !$6
KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
"igure 4 Network To,ologies
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More Complex Networks
Page !$7 "igure 46 2(N0 Network %a,
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks
Page !$8
Co&+er Te$e"o+n!"a!ons Ne7or1s
Pr!/ae -ran"% e8"%an(e P6 Ne7or1s
Lo"a$ Area Ne7or1s LANs6
a"1-one Ne7or1s
W!,e Area Ne7or1s WANs6
Inerne
Inerne2
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks
Page !$8
Com,uter Telecommunications Networks
Eanaes )ro a s!n($e e,!+ or $ar(e "o&+er
Us+a$$* arran(e, as a ree Uses "oa8!a$ an, 7!se, &a!r "a-$!n(
Conro$$e, -* "enra$ "o&+er
O)en %as a )ron#en, &ro"essor o %an,$e a$$ as&e"s o) e$e"o+n!"a!ons
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Page !$8 "igure 47 Com,uterTelecommunications Network
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks
Page !$9
Pri2ate (ranc) E3c)anges P(.
Or!(!na$$* ana$o(B o,a* +s+a$$* ,!(!a$
Can ser/e as %e "enra$ ,e/!"e !n a sar or r!n( ne7or1
Can )+n"!on as )ron#en, &ro"essor )or a!n)rae
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks
Page !$9
Pri2ate (ranc) E3c)anges P(.
A,/ana(es9
Can "onne" ALL e$e"o+n!"a!ons ,e/!"es !n a -+!$,!n( or "a&+s
Can +se e8!s!n( e$e&%one 7!r!n(
Can "arr* /o!"e an, ,aa o/er sae ne7or1
Has a %!(%#&oen!a$ %ro+(%&+
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Page !$9 "igure 48 0c)ematic Re,resentation o# a P(
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks
Page !$9
:ocal Area Networks
O7ne, -* a s!n($e or(an!a!on
O&erae 7!%!n area 2# !$es !n ,!aeer
Cona!n a n+-er o) !ne$$!(en ,e/!"esB +s+a$$* !"ro"o&+ersB %a "an &ro"ess ,aa -ase, on &eer#o#&eer re$a!ons%!&
No &ar o) e$e&%one s*seB %a/e %e!r o7n 7!r!n(
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !$9
:AN To,ologies an& 0tan&ar&s
Conen!on -+s ,es!(n IEEE =02
To1en -+s ,es!(n IEEE =02'
To1en r!n( ,es!(n IEEE =025
W!re$ess ,es!(n IEEE =02::
Local Area Networks
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGLocal Area Networks
Page !!$
Contention (us ;esign Et)ernet.
+s o&o$o(*
I&$eene, 7!% "oa8 or 7!se, &a!r
Us+a$$* %a$)#,+&$e8
A$$ ,e/!"es "onen, )or +se o) "a-$e
Des!(n no7 "a$$e, S%are, E%erne +ses a "onen!on -+s as !s $o(!"a$ o&o$o(* an, !&$eene, 7!% a &%*s!"a$ sar arran(een
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Page !$9 "igure 49 0)are& Et)ernet To,olog1/ :ogical (us< P)1sical 0tar
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !!$
0witc)e& Et)ernet
Ne7er /ar!a!onB -eer &er)oran"eB %!(%er &r!"e
Uses s7!"% !nsea, o) %+- O&eraes -o% $o(!"a$ an, &%*s!"a$ sar
Ea"% ,e/!"e %as o7n ,e,!"ae, "!r"+!
Local Area Networks
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !!$
Token (us
E&$o*s -+s o&o$o(*B no "onen!on
Uses s!n($e o1en &asse, aro+n, o a$$ ,e/!"es !n or,er De/!"e "an on$* rans! 7%en %as o1en
Cenra$ o Man+)a"+r!n( A+oa!on Proo"o$ MAP64 "onne"s ro-os an, o%er a"%!nes on asse-$* $!ne -* a LAN
Local Area Networks
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !!!
Token Ring
De/!"e aa"%e, o r!n( +s se!e o1en -e)ore "an sen, a essa(e
Co$$!s!ons "anno o""+r
Us+a$ !&$eena!on !s &%*s!"a$ sarB $o(!"a$ r!n(
Local Area Networks
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !!!
ireless :AN Kno7n as W!#F! 7!re$ess )!,e$!*6
Gro7!n( !n ,ean, )or "or&orae an, %oe +se Use IEEE =02:: san,ar,s 7!% s%are, E%erne ,es!(n Re?+!res +se o) 7!re$ess ne7or1 !ner)a"e "ar, NIC6 W!re$ess A""ess Po!n WAP6 4 ra,!o rans"e!/er %a a"s as a %+-
Local Area Networks
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Page !! "igure 4!$ ireless :ocal Area Network To,olog1
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks
Page !!5
(ackbone Network
In#-e7een ne7or1 %a !ner"onne"s LANs !n a s!n($e or(an!a!on 7!% ea"% o%er an, 7!%or(an!a!on@s WAN an, %e Inerne
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The
backbone.
"etwork #er$i%e Pro$i&er '"#P(
"etwork
A%%ess Point
'"AP(
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A%%ess Point
'"AP(
"etwork #er$i%e Pro$i&er '"#P(
)egional I#P)egional I#P )egional I#P
*o%al I#P *o%al I#P*o%al I#P
Ma+or I#P
Ma+or I#P
Ma+or
%or,oratenetwork
Ma+or
%or,orate
network
Ma+or
%or,orate
network
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"igure
!6Packet
switc)ing
Pa%ket A- Pa%ket A Pa%ket A/
Message A
Pa%ket A- Pa%ket A Pa%ket A/
Message A
Pa%ket A/ Pa%ket Pa%ket
Pa%ket Pa%ket A Pa%ket
!,en Pa%ket Pa%ket
Pa%ket A- Pa%ket !,en
Pa%ket Pa%ket !,en
Pa%ket Pa%ket Pa%ket
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks
Page !!5
(ackbone network terminolog1/
r!,(e4 "onne"s 7o LANs +s!n( sae &roo"o$
Ro+er (ae7a*64 "onne"s 7o or ore LANs %a a* +se ,!))eren &roo"o$s
S7!"%4 "onne"s ore %an 7o LANs +s!n( %e sae &roo"o$s
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Page !! "igure 4!! 0am,le (ackbone Network
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks
Page !!4
i&e Area Networks ANs.
Co+n!"ae /o!"e an, ,aa a"ross (reaer ,!san"es
Us+a$$* o7ne, -* se/era$ or(an!a!ons !n"$+,!n( +ser or(an!a!on an, "oon "arr!er6
E&$o* &o!n#o#&o!n rans!ss!on
O)en re$* on &+-$!" e$e&%one ne7or1
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of WANs
Page !!
S7!"%e,#"!r"+!
D!re" ,!san"e ,!a$!n( DDD6
W!,e Area Te$e&%one Ser/!"e WATS6
Ine(rae, Ser/!"e D!(!a$ Ne7or1 ISDN6
De,!"ae,#"!r"+!
Lease, $!nes
Sae$$!e
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !!6
Pa"1e#s7!"%e,
S%are, &r!/ae $!nes +s!n( sore#an,#)or7ar, ,aa rans!ss!on Per!s +$!&$e "onne"!ons o e8!s s!+$aneo+s$* o/er %e
sae &%*s!"a$ "!r"+!
Types of WANs
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGTypes of Networks
Page !!7-!!8
T)e =nternet
Ne7or1 o) ne7or1s %a +se %e TCP.IP &roo"o$
Cona!n (ae7a*s o "o&+ers %a ,o no +se TCP.IP
Pro/!,es )o+r -as!" )+n"!ons9 E$e"ron!" a!$
Reoe $o(!n
D!s"+ss!on (ro+&s
S%ar!n( o) ,aa reso+r"es
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Page !!8 Table 44 =nternet A,,lications
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGDSL, Cable Modem, and Satellite
Page !$
=nternet access ser2ices/
D!(!a$ s+-s"r!-er $!ne DSL64 ser/!"e o))ere, -* e$e&%one "o&an!es +s!n( "o&&er 7!re a$rea,* !nsa$$e, !n
%oes o/!n( ,aa o/er 7!res 7!%o+ ,!s+r-!n( /o!"e ra))!" Ca-$e o,e4 "onne"!on o-a!ne, )ro "a-$e T3 "o&an* +s!n( e8!s!n( %oe "oa8!a$ "a-$e
Sae$$!e4 os e8&ens!/eB -+ a* -e on$* o&!on )or "+soers !n r+ra$ areas
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGIntranets
Page !
=ntranet4a ne7or1 o&era!n( 7!%!n an or(an!a!on %a +ses
%e TCP.IP &roo"o$
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=ntranet< E3tranet< an& >PN
Tec)nologies
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !
=nternet4no#)or#&ro)! "onsor!+ o) o/er 200 +n!/ers!!esB
7or1!n( 7!% o/er ;0 e"%no$o(* "o&an!es an, %e
US (o/ernenB o ,e/e$o& an, ,e&$o* a,/an"e,
ne7or1 a&&$!"a!ons an, e"%no$o(!es
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !5
Pr!ar* (oa$s o) Inerne29 Creae a $ea,!n(#e,(e ne7or1 "a&a-!$!* )or %e na!ona$ resear"%
"o+n!* Ena-$e re/o$+!onar* Inerne a&&$!"a!ons -ase, on a +"% %!(%er#
&er)oran"e Inerne %a 7e %a/e o,a* Ens+re %e ra&!, rans)er o) ne7 ne7or1 ser/!"es an, a&&$!"a!ons
o %e -roa,er Inerne "o+n!*
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKINGNetwork Protocols
Page !4
Protocol4a(ree,#+&on se o) r+$es (o/ern!n( "o+n!"a!on
aon( $a*ers or $e/e$s o) a ne7or1
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !4
LAN &roo"o$s9 Conen!on -+s
To1en -+s To1en r!n(
W!re$ess
IM@s o7n &roo"o$ 4 S*ses Ne7or1 Ar"%!e"+re SNA6
Network Protocols
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KEY ELEMENTS OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
Page !4-!
Inerna!ona$ Or(an!a!on )or San,ar,!a!on ISO6 ne7or1
&roo"o$ 4 O&en S*ses Iner"onne"!on Re)eren"e Mo,e$ OSI6 T%o+(% o -e"oe %e on$* san,ar, )or ne7or1!n(
Ga!ne, oen+ +n!$ Inerne e8&$os!on
Trans!ss!on Conro$ Proo"o$.Inerne Proo"o$TCP.IP6 Has -e"oe %e ,e )a"o san,ar, )or ne7or1!n( o,a*
Network Protocols
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T%e TCP.IP Proo"o$ S+!e
Client workstation Host ser$er
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Using TCP/IP
protocols todownload a
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Page !6 "igure 4!7 ;ata Transmission (ase& on ?0= %o&el
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THE EPLODING ROLE OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ANDNETWORKING
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