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Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

CHAPTER 4


Cellular Characteristics


Prokaryotic Cells

Sizes

Shapes

Arrangement


Typical Prokaryotic Cell


Cell Wall Components

Peptidoglycan

Outer Membrane

Lipolysaccharide A (LPS)

Periplasmic space


Gram Positive Cell Walls

Peptidoglycan

Teichoic Acids


Gram Negative Cell Walls Outer Membrane Periplasmic space

– Digestive Enzymes– Protein pumps

LPS components


Other Cell Walls

Acid Fast Cell Wall

Cell Wall Deficient bacteria


Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane

Phospholipids

Fluid Mosaic


Prokaryotic Plasma Membrane


Internal structures

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Nuclear region


Inclusions

Chromatophores

Metachromatic granules

Vesicles


Endospores

Stasis versus vegetative state

Medically significant genera

Resistances

Dipicolinic acid


External Prokaryotic Structures

Motility:

– Flagellae

– Axial filaments


Motility “Behaviors”


External Prokaryotic Structures

Attachment:

– Pili• Conjugation

pili

– Fimbriae


Glycocalyx

Capsule

Slime Layer


Eukaryotic Cell Structure


Core Cellular Components

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Ribosomes


Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Mitochondria


Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts


Membranous Networks

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Golgi apparatus


Eukaryotic Organelles/ Inclusions

Lysosomes

Peroxisomes

Vacuoles

Cytoskeleton


Motility

Flagella

Cilia

Pseudopods


Cell Wall components

Plants

Fungi

Protozoan pellicle


Endosymbiosis

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts


Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic symbiosis observed in today’s world (Protozoan termite inhabitant with internalized bacteria)


Movement across Membranes

Diffusion

Osmosis

Active Transport


Endo/Exocytosis

Engulfment (Endocytosis)

Phagocytosis

Extrusion (Exocytosis)

Technology